Secondary 2 Biology Exam December 2023

<p>Specific dietary requirements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help in nutrient recycling and maintaining ecosystem balance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They attach to pathogens and kill them. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their population decreases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They break down dead organic matter. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overgrazing and damage to young plants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A species introduced that disrupts local habitats. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DDT accumulates in organisms over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tertiary consumers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In parts per million (ppm). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overpopulation of herbivores leading to plant overconsumption. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can outcompete native species for resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary consumers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are the only organisms that can create their own food using sunlight. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They show energy flow and nutrient cycling within an ecosystem. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disruption of predator-prey relationships. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introduction of non-native species competing for resources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saguaro cactus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effects on non-target species and ecosystems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both tadpoles and perch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transpiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tertiary consumers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can outcompete native species for resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thermometer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red blood cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interaction between living things and their non-living environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nocturnal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy transfer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contracts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Persistent chemicals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They form habitats for young fish (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carnivore is eating its prey (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vocal cord (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Predator-prey relationship (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It had no natural fear of humans. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High adaptability to new environments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Declining health and reproductive issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher predation pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contain a pigment called hemoglobin that binds to oxygen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coral reefs offer multiple habitats and resources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A substance that can cause harm or illness to living organisms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alga → Herbivorous fish → Carnivorous fish → Humans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Various substances including hormones and nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help transport oxygen to body tissues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White blood cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemoglobin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing chemicals that attach and kill them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By engulfing them and digesting them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease in plant health due to overconsumption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their population decreased (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In parts per million (ppm) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control insect pests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The buildup of toxins in an organism over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 times greater (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The amount of DDT in a blue heron's body is higher than in a sunfish due to biomagnification.

As a blue heron accumulates DDT over its life, it may experience health problems and reduced reproductive success.

Humans introduced predators (cats, dogs, rats) to the island, which preyed on dodos.

Habitat loss (destruction of Dodo's forest homes by humans) contributed to the Dodo's demise.

Examples of introduced species in the Dodo case: cats, dogs, rats.

Phagocytosis is a process where cells engulf and destroy foreign materials, like pathogens.

Gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide move across cell membranes by diffusion.

The saguaro cactus is a prominent desert plant known for its tall, distinctive shape.

DDT use can harm non-targeted species, disrupting ecosystems.

Removing predators like pike would lead to a likely increase in the population of prey.

White blood cells produce chemicals that attach to and kill pathogens.

White blood cells engulf and digest pathogens.

The introduction of brown tree snakes caused a decline in insect-eating birds due to predation.

An increase in insects could disrupt the forest ecosystem if this affects the forest’s food web.

DDT is an insecticide used to control pests.

DDT concentrations increase progressively up the food chain.

Birds of prey have a higher concentration of DDT than other organisms in the food chain.

Accumulation of a substance in organisms over time.

Bands of muscle in the larynx responsible for sound production.

Organisms that break down dead organisms and waste, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.

A relationship where one organism (predator) hunts and kills another (prey) for food.

The arrival of a species into a new environment where it wasn't previously found, often due to human activities.

Decomposers break down organic matter, which includes dead plants and animals.

Mangrove ecosystems provide habitats for young fish and protect coastlines.

A large predator that lives in the Arctic Ocean is the Seal.

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the capillaries, while carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries into the alveoli to be exhaled.

A large, iconic cactus found in the Sonoran Desert, recognized by its tall, branching arms that reach towards the sky.

DDT, a pesticide, can harm non-target species (animals not intended to be killed) and disrupt the balance of ecosystems.

Removing a predator from a food chain can lead to an increase in the population of its prey.

The increasing concentration of a substance, like DDT, as it moves up through a food chain.

The Saguaro cactus is a prominent desert plant with tall, branching arms.

DDT can have harmful effects on non-target species and ecosystems.

An image that shows the temperature distribution of an object or a scene, often used in medical diagnostics or for detecting heat loss from buildings.

The most common type of blood cell, responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

Organisms, mainly bacteria and fungi, that break down dead plants and animals, releasing nutrients back into the environment.

A community of living organisms and their interactions with the non-living components of their environment, such as air, water, and soil.

Animals that are active mainly at night, often having adaptations for seeing or hunting in low light.

Chemicals that are not easily broken down by natural processes and can accumulate in the environment or in organisms over time.

Arrows in a food chain diagram indicate the direction of energy flow, showing which organisms are eaten by others.

When you inhale, the intercostal muscles between your ribs contract, pulling the ribs upwards and outwards, expanding the chest cavity.

Red blood cells are specialized cells that carry oxygen throughout the body. They are efficient at this due to their small size, lack of nucleus, and the presence of hemoglobin.

Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that binds to oxygen, allowing for efficient transport of oxygen throughout the body.

Coral reefs support a diverse range of species due to the intricate habitats created by the coral skeletons. These habitats provide shelter, food sources, and breeding grounds for various marine creatures.

A toxic substance is a chemical or element that can cause harm to living organisms, often through poisoning or damage to cells and tissues.

A food chain shows the flow of energy through different organisms in an ecosystem, where one organism consumes another for food.

Blood is composed of plasma, a pale-yellow liquid, and various cells including red blood cells and white blood cells. Plasma transports substances like carbon dioxide and glucose.

Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells, which need oxygen for respiration.

White blood cells are different from red blood cells in that they contain a nucleus. Their main function is to defend the body against pathogens, such as bacteria.

The introduction of brown tree snakes to Guam has caused a decline in insect-eating bird populations due to predation.

The arrival of species into a new environment where they are not native can disrupt the existing ecosystem.

DDT is a chemical used as an insecticide, but it can accumulate in organisms over time, leading to harmful effects.

As a substance moves up the food chain, its concentration in organisms increases due to consumption.

Top predators in a food chain have higher concentrations of accumulated substances than lower levels.

The presence of brown tree snakes on Guam has contributed to a decrease in the population of insect-eating birds.

An increase in insect populations could disrupt a forest ecosystem by affecting the food web and potentially leading to imbalances.

The blue heron's higher DDT concentration is due to biomagnification: as a predator, it eats many smaller fish, each carrying a small amount of DDT, which accumulates in the heron's system.

Over time, DDT builds up in a blue heron's body, leading to various problems like weakened eggshells, reproductive issues, and even death.

The dodo went extinct because of humans introducing new predators like cats, dogs, and rats, and destroying their forest homes for farmland.

Invasive species are organisms introduced to a new environment where they have no natural predators, allowing them to thrive and outcompete native species.

Invasive species are successful because they reproduce quickly, outcompete native species for resources, and lack natural predators in the new environment.