Second Great Awakening Overview

A period of spiritual awakening and renewal characterized by widespread religious fervor, conversions, and social reform.

The view that the Second Great Awakening was a result of God's sovereign grace and not solely human effort, emphasizing God's power and the need for genuine conversion.

The belief that humans can cause revival through specific methods, such as emotional preaching or special techniques, often emphasizing human agency and strategies.

The belief that revival involves both God's grace and human responsibility, acknowledging that God works through human means while maintaining his ultimate authority.

A period of intense emotional excitement, often characterized by public weeping, shouting, and physical manifestations, associated with the Second Great Awakening.

A controversial technique introduced in the Second Great Awakening, where individuals were invited to sit in a designated area to reflect on their spiritual state and seek conversion.

A theological system developed by Nathaniel William Taylor, emphasizing the role of human will and rejecting the doctrine of inherited depravity.

A form of evangelistic preaching characterized by fervent emotional appeals, dramatic storytelling, and explicit calls to conversion.

A type of revival meeting that took place in outdoor camps, characterized by extended preaching, singing, and emotional experiences.

The ongoing movement of revival, characterized by genuine spiritual transformation, God's work, and emphasis on the timeless Gospel.

A human-driven effort to produce revival, often relying on techniques and methods to achieve measurable results.

A debate among early Baptists over whether worship songs should be solely from the Bible or include hymns written by humans.

A debate among early Baptists over who could receive communion, with some arguing only believers who had been baptized as adults could participate.

A period of spiritual awakening and revival in Wales during the 18th century marked by emotional preaching and widespread conversions.

A Baptist seminary founded in Bristol, England in 1770 to equip preachers and train future leaders.

A prominent Baptist pastor and theologian who emphasized the duty of all to believe in Christ and played a pivotal role in the missionary movement.

A book written by Andrew Fuller that argued for the universality of the Gospel and the duty of all to believe in Christ.

A prominent Anglican minister who influenced the revival of Particular Baptists by converting influential Baptist leaders.

A group of early Baptists who emphasized the importance of personal experience and emotional expression in religion.

A controversy focusing on the "Auchterarder Creed", which questioned the need for forsaking sin before approaching Christ. It highlighted legalism in the Scottish church and initiated crucial discussions about the relationship between faith, repentance, and the free offer of the gospel.

A prayer movement initiated by John Sutcliffe in 1784, inspired by Jonathan Edwards' "Humble Attempt". It led to the Northamptonshire Association establishing regular prayer meetings for revival, contributing to Baptist church renewal and the missionary movement.

John Sutcliffe's influence in Yorkshire sparked a prayer movement amongst Baptists, leading to revival amongst them.

The controversy arose from the "Auchterarder Creed", which argued against the necessity of forsaking sin before receiving Christ. It revealed legalism within the Scottish Church, prompting essential debates on the nature of faith, repentance, and the free offer of the Gospel.

John Sutcliffe, influenced by Jonathan Edwards, initiated monthly prayer meetings for revival. This led to the Northamptonshire Association establishing regular prayer meetings aimed at seeking the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. This movement significantly contributed to the revival of Baptist churches and the missionary movement.

The period marked by the French Revolution and Enlightenment philosophy, a rise in deism and skepticism, anti-Christian literature from authors like Thomas Paine, religious controversies, and political distractions, led to a decline in religious fervor in America after the Revolutionary War.

This revival, starting with prayer meetings in New York in 1857, spread rapidly, witnessing a massive influx of converts, reaching Britain, and happening just before the Civil War. It was distinguished by its reliance on prayer rather than specific techniques or prominent preachers.

The influence of French Revolution and Enlightenment philosophy, the growth of deism and skepticism, the rise of anti-Christian literature (especially from Thomas Paine), religious controversies, and political distractions contributed to a decline in spiritual fervor in America following the Revolutionary War.

The 1857-58 revival, starting with prayer meetings in New York, spread rapidly, witnessing a massive influx of converts, reaching Britain, and happening just before the Civil War. It was distinguished by its reliance on prayer rather than specific techniques or prominent preachers.

The 1857-58 revival stands out as the last large-scale revival in America and Britain, marked by its origin in prayer meetings that grew exponentially, resulting in an estimated one million new church members within just two years. Its timing before the Civil War and its emphasis on prayer rather than specific techniques or famous preachers make it a significant historical event.

The death of Madam Sidney Griffith marked the end of a period of difficulty and uncertainty in William Harris's life.

The revival described by Thomas Charles of Bala was characterized by strong emotional responses, widespread spiritual concern, and a profound impact on young people.

George Whitefield's ministry in Scotland resulted in numerous conversions, rejuvenated Scottish Evangelicalism, and laid the groundwork for the future Free Church movement. He made 14 trips to Scotland during his lifetime.

Several events contributed to the Great Awakening in America, including the Dutch Reformed revival led by Frelinghuysen in New Jersey, the Presbyterian revival through the Tennent family, Jonathan Edwards' ministry in Northampton, and various local awakenings.

The Great Awakening in America led to the formation of 150 new Congregational churches, a significant increase in Baptist churches from 25 to 312, and growth in Presbyterian and Reformed congregations. It also fostered democratic ideals, emphasized personal conversion, and saw the rise of lay preachers.

The initial revival at Northampton under Edwards resulted in approximately 300 conversions within six months.

Edwards' ministry began in Northampton amidst political divisions between the court and country parties, a decline in moral behavior among youth due to economic hardships affecting marriage, and overall spiritual apathy.

Initially, George Whitefield had good relations with the Seceders in Scotland, but these relationships deteriorated over disagreements about church governance.