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What is the Nino 3.4 index and what does it measure?

The Nino 3.4 index is a measure of sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific region, specifically the Nino 3.4 region. It measures small anomalies in sea surface temperature that can have a significant impact on climate patterns around the world.

What is the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and how is it standardized?

The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) is a measure of the pressure difference between Tahiti and Darwin. It is standardized using a formula that is similar to the z-score formula.

What is the autumn predictability barrier?

The autumn predictability barrier refers to the breakdown and re-emergence of climate patterns during autumn. It is a phenomenon observed in which climate patterns tend to show a lot of grey in the columns during the autumn season.

What are the impacts of sea surface temperature anomalies on various systems?

Anomaly impacts reading of city terms, anomaly impacts agricultural production systems, anomaly impacts health systems. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Walker Circulation and how is it related to the Nino 3.4 region?

Walker Circulation is a whole system that explains the link between what's happening in the atmosphere and what's happening in the Pacific Ocean. The Nino 3.4 region is a crucial part of the Walker Circulation. Signup and view all the answers

How is the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) calculated and what are its phases?

The SOI is calculated monthly by measuring the pressure difference between Tahiti and Darwin and standardizing it using the Z score formula. The SOI has five phases: rising, falling, negative, positive, and near zero. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four climate prediction indices discussed in the lecture?

Nino 3.4 ONI, Southern Oscillation Index, Warm Water Volume Index, Multivariate ENSO Index Signup and view all the answers

What does the Nino 3.4 index measure?

Sea surface temperatures and calculates anomalies Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive Southern Oscillation Index indicate?

Stronger Easterlies, which can impact rainfall patterns Signup and view all the answers

What does the Warm Water Volume Index measure?

The volume of warm water above the 20-degree isotherm in the Pacific Ocean Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive value of the Multivariate ENSO Index indicate?

El Niño-like conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the Walker Circulation?

The atmospheric circulation pattern that accompanies the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean Signup and view all the answers

What is the Warm Water Volume Index (WWV) and how is it used in climate prediction?

The WWV measures the volume of warm water above the 20-degree isotherm in the Pacific Ocean. Anomalies in the WWV are used to determine if the warm water volume is above or below average for a particular month. It can help with climate prediction post-autumn. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) and what information does it combine?

The MEI combines information about sea level pressures, surface winds, sea surface temperatures, surface air temperature, and cloudiness data. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between the Walker Circulation and the Pacific Ocean during La Niña and El Niño events.

During a La Niña event, the easterly winds become stronger, changing the sea level height and the thermocline, which affects the WWV. The formation of clouds and rainfall in the Pacific Ocean during a La Niña event causes dry conditions in Australia. The reverse is true for an El Niño event. Signup and view all the answers