HCI Chapter 2-4: Human Computer Interaction - LTM Storage

Human Memory

• LTM (Long-Term Memory): stores information through rehearsal, with the amount retained proportional to rehearsal time.
• Information in LTM is easier to remember if it has structure, meaning, and familiarity.
• Forgetting in LTM can occur due to decay, interference, or emotional factors.

Retrieval

• Recall: information is reproduced from memory, and can be assisted by cues such as categories or imagery.
• Recognition: information is recognized as having been seen before, and is less complex than recall.

Thinking

• Reasoning includes deduction, induction, and abduction.
• Problem solving involves finding a solution to an unfamiliar task using knowledge.

Deductive Reasoning

• Deduction involves deriving a logically necessary conclusion from given premises.
• However, logical conclusions are not necessarily true, and people may bring world knowledge to bear.

Inductive Reasoning

• Induction involves generalizing from cases seen to cases unseen.
• Inductive reasoning is unreliable, as it can only prove false, not true.

Abductive Reasoning

• Abductive reasoning involves reasoning from an event to its cause.
• It is unreliable, as it can lead to false explanations.

Problem Solving

• Problem space theory involves generating states using legal operators and heuristics.
• Analogy involves mapping knowledge from a similar problem domain to a novel problem.
• Skill acquisition involves chunking information to optimize STM and structuring information more effectively.

Errors and Mental Models

• Errors can be categorized into slips (right intention, wrong execution) and mistakes (wrong intention).
• Mental models can lead to errors if they are incorrect or differ from the actual system.

Emotion

• Emotion involves both cognitive and physical responses to stimuli.
• The biological response to physical stimuli is called affect, which influences how we respond to situations.
• Emotion can impact problem solving, with positive affect leading to creative problem solving and negative affect leading to narrow thinking.

Implications for Interface Design

• Stress can increase the difficulty of problem solving, while relaxed users are more forgiving of design shortcomings.
• Aesthetically pleasing and rewarding interfaces can increase positive affect.

Individual Differences

• Long-term individual differences include sex, physical and intellectual abilities.
• Short-term individual differences include the effects of stress or fatigue.
• Changing individual differences include age.
• Design decisions should consider whether they may exclude a section of the user population.

This quiz covers the concepts of Human Computer Interaction, specifically the storage of information in Long-Term Memory (LTM), including rehearsal, total time hypothesis, distribution of practice effect, and the role of structure, meaning, and familiarity in remembering information.