16 Questions
What is the primary function of sensory memories?
To provide a buffer for stimuli received through senses
What is the approximate duration of rapid access in short-term memory?
~ 70ms
What is the primary characteristic of long-term memory in terms of capacity?
Huge or unlimited capacity
What is the relationship between episodic LTM and semantic LTM?
Semantic LTM is derived from episodic LTM
What is the purpose of the semantic network model in LTM?
To provide access to information and represent relationships between bits of information
What is the characteristic of the inheritance principle in semantic networks?
Child nodes inherit properties of parent nodes
What is the primary purpose of a script in Long-Term Memory (LTM) models?
To provide a model of stereotypical information required to interpret a situation
What is the purpose of short-term memory or working memory?
To serve as a scratch-pad for temporary recall
What is the characteristic of long-term memory in terms of decay?
Slow decay, if any
Which of the following is an example of a default value in a data structure?
Diet: Carnivorous
What is the relationship between 'DOG' and 'COLLIE' in the data structure?
COLLIE is a subtype of DOG
What is the purpose of the 'Props' component in a script?
To specify the physical objects present in a scene
What is the result of the 'Script for a visit to the vet'?
The dog becomes better
What is the role of the 'Roles' component in a script?
To define the actions performed by participants in a scene
What is the difference between a 'Scene' and a 'Script' in LTM models?
A Script is a model of stereotypical information, while a Scene is an instance of that model
What is the purpose of the 'Entry Conditions' component in a script?
To establish the preconditions that must be met for the scene to occur
Study Notes
Memory
- Three types of memory functions: sensory memories, short-term memory or working memory, and long-term memory.
- Selection of stimuli governed by level of arousal.
Sensory Memory
- Buffers for stimuli received through senses.
- Three types: iconic memory (visual stimuli), echoic memory (aural stimuli), and haptic memory (tactile stimuli).
- Examples: sparkler trail, stereo sound.
- Continuously overwritten.
Short-term Memory (STM)
- Scratch-pad for temporary recall.
- Characteristics:
- Rapid access (~70ms).
- Rapid decay (~200ms).
- Limited capacity (7±2 chunks).
- Examples: phone numbers, random sequences.
Long-term Memory (LTM)
- Repository for all our knowledge.
- Characteristics:
- Slow access (~1/10 second).
- Slow decay, if any.
- Huge or unlimited capacity.
- Two types:
- Episodic memory: serial memory of events.
- Semantic memory: structured memory of facts, concepts, skills.
- Semantic LTM derived from episodic LTM.
Semantic Memory Structure
- Provides access to information.
- Represents relationships between bits of information.
- Supports inference through inheritance.
- Model: semantic network.
Models of LTM
- Semantic Network:
- Inheritance: child nodes inherit properties of parent nodes.
- Relationships between bits of information explicit.
- Supports inference through inheritance.
- Frames:
- Information organized in data structures.
- Slots in structure instantiated with values for instance of data.
- Type–subtype relationships (e.g., DOG-COLLIE).
- Scripts:
- Model of stereotypical information required to interpret situation.
- Script has elements that can be instantiated with values for context (e.g., script for a visit to the vet).
Explore the concepts of Human Computer Interaction, including memory types and stimuli selection. Learn about sensory, short-term, and long-term memory functions.
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