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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of the control plane?

  • To simplify circuit management in TDM networks
  • To provide end-to-end path provisioning across network or operator domains (correct)
  • To manage packet transport switches
  • To configure the NMS

    • Why was MPLS-TP developed?

  • To provide circuits in Packet Transport Networks (correct)
  • To simplify the working of MPLS
  • To make NMS obsolete
  • To improve packet transport switch management

    • What is a characteristic of connection-oriented transport?

  • Only TDM networks use connection-oriented transport
  • Traffic is routed randomly through the network
  • Each packet is switched independently
  • Connections are setup between end points (correct)

    • What is the role of the NMS in relation to the control plane?

    <p>The NMS configures and interacts with the control plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an LSP in MPLS technology?

    <p>Label Switched Path</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not supported by MPLS-TP?

    <p>MPLS Control Plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of connection-oriented transport?

    <p>Simplifies management and migration of the transport network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between MPLS and MPLS-TP?

    <p>MPLS-TP does not require the MPLS Control Plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is similar about provisioning a circuit in MPLS-TP networks compared to TDM networks?

    <p>Centralized Network Management System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of PHP in MPLS Edge Routers?

    <p>Reduce the load of two label lookups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of merging two LSPs going to the same destination?

    <p>Reduced number of labels used in the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ECMP disabled in MPLS-TP?

    <p>To ensure all traffic follows the same path</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between MPLS and MPLS-TP?

    <p>Support for bidirectional LSPs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of paths must MPLS-TP support?

    <p>Both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint paths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are LSPs set up in MPLS-TP?

    <p>Through the management plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was LSP merge disabled in MPLS-TP?

    <p>To simplify things in transport networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of implementing OAM and resiliency features in carrier-grade transport networks?

    <p>To ensure scalable operations, high availability, and performance monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective of MPLS-TP in relation to existing transport technologies?

    <p>To enable MPLS to be deployed in a transport network and operated in a similar manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical operating model for current transport networks?

    <p>Centralized network management with a single NMS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the FCAPS management functions provided by the NMS?

    <p>Fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target availability figure for transport networks achieved through OAM functions?

    <p>&gt;99.999%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for the development of the new MPLS-TP packet transport network technology?

    <p>The well-proven network management paradigm of existing transport networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of MPLS-TP that enables dynamic provisioning of transport paths?

    <p>A control plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of MPLS-TP in terms of packet transport services?

    <p>Similar degree of predictability, reliability, and OAM to that found in existing transport networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of TypeBl/B2?

    <p>50 Km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of power supply is used in Type Al /A2?

    <p>AC Type or DC Type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the MPLS-TP enhancements?

    <p>OAM related enhancements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome of the MPLS-TP enhancements?

    <p>Improved network efficiency and effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of power supply is used in Type C?

    <p>DC Type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current scope of MPLS?

    <p>Only packet-based networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected benefit of the MPLS-TP enhancements for existing MPLS networks?

    <p>Improved network efficiency and effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of the MPLS-TP enhancements?

    <p>To increase the scope of MPLS overall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of traffic was carried by the SDH network deployed by BSNL?

    <p>TDM traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was introduced in BSNL's network in 2009?

    <p>Digital Cross Connect (DXCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology enabled BSNL to transport Ethernet traffic over SDH frames?

    <p>Ethernet over SDH (EoSDH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the granularity of the Digital Cross Connect (DXCs) introduced in BSNL's network?

    <p>STM-1 Cross Connect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of switches were deployed in large numbers as part of the broadband network?

    <p>RPR Switches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of deploying DWDM systems in BSNL's network?

    <p>To carry SDH traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the capability of the SDH, DWDM, and DXC equipment procured by BSNL from 2006 onwards?

    <p>Transporting Ethernet traffic over SDH frames</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the routers in the MPLS network (P&PE)?

    <p>They had substantial TDM interfaces to enable transportation of traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of OAM functions in transport networks?

    <p>Highly sophisticated fault management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of implementing resiliency mechanisms in carrier-grade transport networks?

    <p>To achieve high availability figures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of performance monitoring in transport networks?

    <p>Predictable and reliable packet transport services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of scalable operations in carrier-grade transport networks?

    <p>Centralized network management via NMS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of multi-domain support in carrier-grade transport networks?

    <p>Interoperability between different network domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the NMS in transport networks?

    <p>To manage network elements in the field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of transport networks achieved through OAM functions?

    <p>Predictable and reliable packet transport services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for the development of MPLS-TP?

    <p>Existing transport network management paradigm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the MPLS-TP enhancements?

    <p>Enhancing OAM related features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the OAM enhancements allow operators to do?

    <p>Improve the efficiency of their networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of networks will the MPLS-TP enhancements allow for full end-to-end integration with?

    <p>Existing and next-generation MPLS networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the MPLS-TP enhancements increase the scope of?

    <p>MPLS overall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current scope of MPLS?

    <p>Packet-based networks for more than a decade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will be the result of the MPLS-TP enhancements for existing MPLS networks?

    <p>They will allow operators to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of power supply is used in Type Bl/B2?

    <p>DC Type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of Type Bl/B2?

    <p>50 Km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of deploying SDH networks in BSNL?

    <p>To carry TDM traffic efficiently and reliably</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was introduced in BSNL's network in 2009 to enhance its transport network?

    <p>Digital Cross Connect (DXCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enabled BSNL to transport Ethernet traffic over SDH frames?

    <p>GFP and Virtual Concatenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the granularity of the Digital Cross Connect (DXCs) introduced in BSNL's network?

    <p>STM-1 Cross Connect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of switches were deployed in large numbers as part of the broadband network?

    <p>OCLAN Switches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of deploying DWDM systems in BSNL's network?

    <p>For long distance transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the capability of the SDH, DWDM, and DXC equipment procured by BSNL from 2006 onwards?

    <p>Transporting Ethernet traffic over SDH frames</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the routers in the MPLS network (P&PE)?

    <p>They had substantial TDM interfaces to enable secure reliable media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum cross-connect capacity of Type-A1 nodes?

    <p>5Gbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the uplink capacity of Type-B1 nodes?

    <p>10GE (optical) - 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum distance between two Type-A1 nodes?

    <p>30 Km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the downlink capacity of Type-C nodes?

    <p>10GE (optical) - 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cross-connect capacity of Type-B2 nodes?

    <p>80Gbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cross-connect capacity of Type-C nodes?

    <p>240Gbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the downlink capacity of Type-A1 nodes?

    <p>FE-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the uplink capacity of Type-A2 nodes?

    <p>1GE (optical) - 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of OAM in MPLS-TP?

    <p>To monitor and troubleshoot the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of MPLS-TP resiliency mechanisms?

    <p>Protection and restoration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Performance Monitoring in MPLS-TP?

    <p>Monitoring and troubleshooting network performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Scalable Operations important in MPLS-TP?

    <p>To support large-scale networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of Multi-domain Support in MPLS-TP?

    <p>Support for multiple networks and domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between OAM and resiliency mechanisms in MPLS-TP?

    <p>OAM and resiliency mechanisms are separate but related</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of implementing OAM and resiliency features in MPLS-TP?

    <p>To ensure high network availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do OAM and resiliency mechanisms in MPLS-TP contribute to network performance?

    <p>By ensuring high network availability and performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using connection-oriented transport in Packet Transport Networks?

    <p>Simplified management and migration of the transport network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the control plane in Packet Transport Networks?

    <p>To provide restoration functions for improved network survivability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the control plane protocol removed from MPLS to create MPLS-TP?

    <p>To simplify the working of MPLS for use in Packet Transport Networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using a user-provisioned model in MPLS-TP?

    <p>Reduced operational complexity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the NMS and the control plane?

    <p>The NMS configures and interacts with the control plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the motivation behind developing MPLS-TP?

    <p>To provide a connection-oriented transport mechanism for Packet Transport Networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Label Switched Paths (LSPs) in MPLS technology?

    <p>To set up circuits in Packet Transport Networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of Packet Transport Networks that makes them similar to TDM networks?

    <p>Circuits are setup between end points before traffic is sent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum cross connect capacity of Type-A1 nodes?

    <p>5 Gbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the uplink capacity of Type-B1 nodes?

    <p>10 GE (optical) - 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum distance between two nodes of Type A1/A2?

    <p>30 Km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the downlink capacity of Type-C nodes?

    <p>10 GE (optical) - 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many E1 ports are available in Type-B2 nodes?

    <p>64</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cross connect capacity of Type-B1 nodes?

    <p>40 Gbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many FE ports are available in Type-A1 nodes?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the uplink capacity of Type-C nodes?

    <p>40 GE (optical) - 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of a transport network?

    <p>To provide a reliable aggregation and transport infrastructure for client traffic types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of traffic was carried by the existing BSNL transport network?

    <p>TDM traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main requirement of BSNL's transport network in the present scenario?

    <p>Packet transportation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was introduced in BSNL's network to transport Ethernet traffic?

    <p>RPR Switches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key feature of MPLS-TP based nodes in BSNL's transport network?

    <p>Packet transportation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the category of MPLS and MPLS-TP components that covers the definition of various functions and their interactions?

    <p>Network Architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the growth of packet-based services?

    <p>Operators are transforming their network infrastructures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Packet Transport Network Planning guidelines?

    <p>To outline the basic concepts, technology, and network architecture for the future transport network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the subcategory of the Data Plane that covers the protocols and mechanisms used to forward the data packets?

    <p>Framing, forwarding, encapsulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is being made optional for transport networks?

    <p>Protocols highlighted in red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the MPLS-TP technology in BSNL's transport network?

    <p>It provides a reliable aggregation and transport infrastructure for client traffic types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Management Plane in MPLS and MPLS-TP?

    <p>To manage the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the category of MPLS and MPLS-TP components that covers the protocols and mechanisms used to set up label-switched paths?

    <p>Control Plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the category of MPLS and MPLS-TP components that covers the protocols and mechanisms used to forward data packets?

    <p>Data Plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the IETF's guidance to vendors regarding the protocols and mechanisms highlighted in red?

    <p>To make these mechanisms optional for transport networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the category of MPLS and MPLS-TP components that covers the protocols and mechanisms used to manage the network?

    <p>Management Plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of Type C?

    <p>50 Km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of power supply is used in Type Bl /B2?

    <p>DC Type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the OAM enhancements allow operators to do?

    <p>Improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the MPLS-TP enhancements?

    <p>OAM related enhancements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of power supply is used in Type Al /A2?

    <p>AC Type or DC Type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome of the MPLS-TP enhancements?

    <p>To increase the scope of MPLS overall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current scope of MPLS?

    <p>Serving packet-based networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the MPLS-TP enhancements allow operators to do with their existing MPLS networks?

    <p>Improve their efficiency and effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of scalable operations in carrier-grade transport networks?

    <p>Simplifying network management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of multi-domain support in carrier-grade transport networks?

    <p>Seamless interconnection of multiple networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of performance monitoring in transport networks?

    <p>Proactive fault detection and correction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of OAM functions in transport networks?

    <p>End-to-end circuit monitoring and provisioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of implementing resiliency mechanisms in carrier-grade transport networks?

    <p>To ensure high network availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of transport networks achieved through OAM functions?

    <p>Enhanced network reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of multi-domain support in carrier-grade transport networks?

    <p>Interoperability between different administrative domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the NMS in transport networks?

    <p>To manage network resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of scalable operations in carrier-grade transport networks?

    <p>Ability to handle increased traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of OAM functions in transport networks?

    <p>Highly sophisticated fault detection and correction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of the OAM enhancements in transport networks?

    <p>Increased network reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of implementing resiliency mechanisms in carrier-grade transport networks?

    <p>To ensure high availability and reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of performance monitoring in transport networks?

    <p>Rapid detection and correction of faults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of MPLS-TP that enables dynamic provisioning of transport paths?

    <p>Control plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the NMS in transport networks?

    <p>To manage faults and configure network elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target availability figure for transport networks achieved through OAM functions?

    <p>&gt;99.999%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of multi-domain support in carrier-grade transport networks?

    <p>To enable seamless operation across multiple networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of OAM functions in transport networks?

    <p>Fault management and performance monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of implementing resiliency mechanisms in carrier-grade transport networks?

    <p>To ensure network availability and minimize downtime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of scalable operations in carrier-grade transport networks?

    <p>Automated provisioning and management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of performance monitoring in transport networks?

    <p>Enhanced network reliability and efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the NMS in transport networks?

    <p>Automated provisioning and management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome of the MPLS-TP enhancements?

    <p>Enhanced network reliability and efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the MPLS-TP enhancements?

    <p>OAM related features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of scalable operations in carrier-grade transport networks?

    <p>Supporting multiple traffic types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the NMS in transport networks?

    <p>Managing network nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of performance monitoring in transport networks?

    <p>Improving network reliability and fault detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of multi-domain support in carrier-grade transport networks?

    <p>Interoperability between different vendor equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of multi-domain support in carrier-grade transport networks?

    <p>Managing network nodes across multiple domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the NMS in transport networks?

    <p>Monitoring and troubleshooting network issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of performance monitoring in transport networks?

    <p>Improving network reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of OAM functions in transport networks?

    <p>Monitoring network performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of scalable operations in carrier-grade transport networks?

    <p>Distributed network architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of implementing resiliency mechanisms in carrier-grade transport networks?

    <p>Ensuring high network availability and reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of implementing resiliency mechanisms in carrier-grade transport networks?

    <p>Ensuring high network availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of OAM functions in transport networks?

    <p>End-to-end visibility and fault detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the MPLS-TP enhancements?

    <p>Enhancing OAM functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of transport networks achieved through OAM functions?

    <p>High network availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected benefit of the MPLS-TP enhancements for existing MPLS networks?

    <p>Better visibility into network operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the MPLS-TP enhancements?

    <p>OAM enhancements for better network visibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    SDH Network Overview

    • SDH network deployed in BSNL to carry TDM traffic efficiently and reliably
    • Network components include STM-1 CPE, STM-1 ADM, STM-4, STM-16 ADM, STM-16 MADM, and STM-64
    • Linear DWDM systems (2.5G and 10G) used for long-distance transport, carrying mostly SDH traffic
    • Digital Cross Connect (DXCs) introduced in 2009 with granularity of STM-1 Cross Connect, aggregation, and ASON capability

    Ethernet over SDH (EoSDH)

    • EoSDH technology enabled BSNL to adapt to the transition phase in the technological development curve
    • All SDH, DWDM, and DXC equipment procured from 2006 onwards had the capability of transporting Ethernet traffic over SDH frame through GFP and Virtual Concatenation
    • This technology enabled the support of TDM interfaces alongside Ethernet interfaces (FE, GE)

    MPLS-TP Overview

    • MPLS-TP is a set of enhancements to the MPLS protocol suite
    • Objective of MPLS-TP is to enable MPLS to be deployed in a transport network and operated in a similar manner to existing transport technologies (SDH/SONET/OTN)
    • MPLS-TP supports packet transport services with a similar degree of predictability, reliability, and OAM to that found in existing transport networks

    OAM and Resiliency Features

    • Definition and implementation of OAM and resiliency features are key to ensuring the capabilities needed for carrier-grade transport networks
    • Features include scalable operations, high availability, performance monitoring, and multi-domain support
    • OAM functions enable the achievement of availability figures of >99,999% in transport networks

    Control Plane

    • Control plane is used to provide restoration functions for improved network survivability in the presence of failures
    • Control plane facilitates end-to-end path provisioning across network or operator domains
    • Operator has the choice to enable the control plane or operate the network in a traditional way without control plane by means of an NMS

    MPLS-TP vs. MPLS

    • MPLS-TP does not require LDP or any other control plane protocol to set up the circuits
    • User-provisioned model is followed in MPLS-TP, where the user can provision a circuit from a centralized Network Management System
    • Features not supported by MPLS-TP include MPLS Control Plane, Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP), LSP Merge, and Equal Cost Multi Path (ECMP)

    Benefits of MPLS-TP

    • MPLS-TP enhancements will increase the scope of MPLS overall, allowing it to serve both the transport and the services networks
    • OAM enhancements will prove to be very valuable for the existing MPLS networks, enabling full end-to-end integration with the existing and the next-generation MPLS networks

    MPLS-TP Enhancements

    • MPLS-TP is a set of enhancements to the already rich MPLS protocol suite, increasing its scope to serve both transport and services networks.
    • The biggest and most important enhancements are OAM related (e.g., fault management and performance monitoring).

    SDH Network Deployment

    • A SDH network comprising of STM-1 CPE, STM-1 ADM, STM-4, STM-16 ADM, STM-16 MADM, and STM-64 has been extensively deployed to carry all types of TDM traffic.
    • Linear DWDM systems (2.5G & 10G) were deployed for long-distance transport, carrying mostly SDH traffic through its lambdas (STM-1, STM-4, STM-16).
    • Digital Cross Connect (DXCs) were introduced in BSNL network with granularity of STM-1 Cross Connect along with aggregation and ASON capability.

    Ethernet over SDH (EoSDH)

    • EoSDH technology enabled BSNL to adapt to the transition phase in the technological development curve, where network elements were progressively switching towards Ethernet Interfaces (FE, GE) but continued to support TDM interfaces too.
    • All SDH, DWDM, and DXC equipment procured by BSNL from 2006 onwards had the capability of transporting Ethernet traffic over SDH frame through Generic Framing Protocol (GFP) and Virtual Concatenation.

    MPLS-TP Objectives

    • To enable MPLS to be deployed in a transport network and operated in a similar manner to existing transport technologies (SDH/SONET/OTN).
    • To enable MPLS to support packet transport services with a similar degree of predictability, reliability, and OAM to that found in existing transport networks.

    Network Management Paradigm

    • Current transport networks (e.g., SONET/SDH) are typically operated from a network operation center (NOC) using a centralized network management system (NMS) that communicates with the network elements (NEs) in the field via the telecommunications management network (TMN).
    • The NMS provides well-known FCAPS management functions, including fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security management.

    Proposed Configuration of Nodes

    • Type-Al (DC Powered Type): Uplink - 1GE (optical) - 2, Downlink - FE-4, FX-4, GE-2 (Electrical), STM1-2, E1-8, Cross Connect Capacity - Minimum 5Gbps.
    • Type-A2 (AC Powered Type): Uplink - 1GE (optical) - 2, Downlink - FE-4, FX-4, GE-2 (Electrical), STM1-2, E1-8, Cross Connect Capacity - Minimum 5Gbps.
    • Type-B1: Uplink - 10 GE (optical) - 2, Downlink - 1GE-16 (8 Electrical+8 optical), FE-16, FX-16, STM1-8, E1-64, Cross Connect Capacity - 40 Gbps.
    • Type-B2: Uplink - 10GE (optical) - 2, Downlink - 10GE (optical) – 2, GE-32 (16 Electrical + 16 Optical), FE-16, FX-16, STM1-8, E1-64, Cross connect capacity - 80 Gbps.
    • Type C: Uplink - 40 GE (optical) - 2, Downlink - 10GE (optical) - 12, FE/GE—64 (32 optical + 32 electrical), STM 1-8, E1-64, Cross connect capacity - 240 Gbps.

    Distance Between Two Nodes

    • Type Al/A2 - 30 Km.
    • Type B1 - 50 Km.
    • Type B2 - 50 Km.
    • Type C - 50 Km.

    MPLS-TP Technology

    • Limitation of circuit switched network signals: Operators are transforming their network infrastructures to reduce capital and operational expenditures.

    Introduction to MPLS-TP

    • MPLS-TP is a transport profile of Multi-Protocol Label Switching that provides a reliable aggregation and transport infrastructure for any client traffic type.
    • In the present scenario, BSNL transport network was designed and deployed to carry TDM traffic comprising of E1s, STM-1s, and STM-16s.
    • Network elements such as Switches, BTSs, BSCs, and MSCs utilized TDM interfaces for transportation of information.
    • With the introduction of Broadband, transport of Ethernet traffic was introduced in BSNL network through RPR Switches deployed in metro districts.

    Control Plane

    • The control plane is mainly used to provide restoration functions for improved network survivability in the presence of failures.
    • It facilitates end-to-end path provisioning across network or operator domains.
    • Operators have the choice to enable the control plane or operate the network in a traditional way without control plane by means of an NMS.

    Development of MPLS-TP

    • One of the major motivations for developing MPLS-TP was the need for circuits in Packet Transport Networks.
    • Traditionally, packet transport switches each packet independently.
    • MPLS-TP uses connection-oriented transport, where a 'connection' is first setup between the end points and then all the traffic for that connection follows only that path through the network.

    MPLS-TP Components

    • Network Architecture: definition of various functions and the interactions among them.
    • Data Plane: protocols and mechanisms that are used to forward the data packets, including framing, forwarding, encapsulation, OAM, and resiliency (protection and restoration).
    • Control Plane: protocols and mechanisms used to set up the label-switched paths (LSPs) that are used to forward the data packets.
    • Management Plane: protocols and mechanisms that are used to manage the network.

    Proposed Configuration of Nodes

    • Type-A1 (DC Powered Type): Uplink - 1GE (optical) - 2, Downlink - FE-4, FX-4, GE-2(Electrical), STM1-2, E1-8, Cross Connect Capacity - Minimum 5Gbps.
    • Type-A2 (AC Powered Type): Uplink - 1GE (optical) - 2, Downlink - FE-4, FX-4, GE-2(Electrical), STM1-2, E1-8, Cross Connect Capacity - Minimum 5Gbps.
    • Type-B1: Uplink - 10GE (optical) - 2, Downlink - 1GE-16 (8Electrical+8 optical), FE-16, FX-16, STM1-8, E1-64, Cross Connect Capacity - 40 Gbps.
    • Type-B2: Uplink - 10GE (optical) - 2, Downlink - 10GE (optical) - 2, GE-32(16 Electrical + 16 Optical), FE-16, FX-16, STM1-8, E1-64, Cross connect capacity - 80 Gbps.
    • Type C: Uplink - 40 GE(optical)-2, Downlink - 10GE(optical)-12, FE/GE—64(32 optical + 32 electrical), STM 1-8, E1-64, Cross connect capacity— 240 Gbps.

    Distance Between Two Nodes

    • Type A1/A2: 30 Km
    • Type B1/B2: 50 Km
    • Type C: 50 Km

    Power Supply

    • Type A1/A2: AC Type or DC Type
    • Type B1/B2: DC Type
    • Type C: DC Type

    MPLS-TP Overview

    • Goal: to enable MPLS to be deployed in a transport network and operated in a similar manner to existing transport technologies (SDH/SONET/OTN)
    • Objective: to support packet transport services with a similar degree of predictability, reliability, and OAM to that found in existing transport networks

    Key Features of MPLS-TP

    • Scalable operations
    • High availability
    • Performance monitoring
    • Multi-domain support
    • Dynamic provisioning of MPLS-TP transport paths via a control plane
    • Support for packet-based services with QoS definition for individual customers

    OAM Features in MPLS-TP

    • Point-to-point circuits can be provisioned
    • Devices can be connected in ring/mesh
    • End-to-end monitoring of each circuit is possible
    • Protection 1:1 (PW) or even 1:n (LSP) can be provisioned
    • Transport synchronization information

    Applicability and Deployment Options for MPLS-TP

    • Primarily applicable to access and aggregation networks
    • Enhancements to MPLS protocol suite, including OAM enhancements, will be valuable to all MPLS networks
    • Can be deployed together with IP/MPLS, with complementary features

    BSNL Network Evolution

    • Requires immediate introduction of Packet Transport Network to provide reliable connectivity to additional network elements and meet exponential growth in IP traffic
    • MPLS-TP based nodes will be used in the network
    • Types of nodes: Type A1/A2, Type B1/B2, Type C, with different power supply options (AC/DC)

    Importance of OAM Enhancements

    • OAM enhancements will increase the scope of MPLS overall, allowing it to serve both transport and services networks
    • Will allow operators to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their networks by enabling full end-to-end integration with existing and next-generation MPLS networks

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    Related Documents

    W4_JTO_Ph2_Datacom_IT-part-10.pdf

    Description

    Learn about SDH network components and its role in carrying TDM traffic, as well as the introduction of EoSDH technology in BSNL. Understand linear DWDM systems and Digital Cross Connects.

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