4- Screening for Early Detection of Illnesses
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of screening according to the text?

  • To monitor the progression of a disease
  • To treat diseases that have already developed symptoms
  • To diagnose an illness after symptoms develop
  • To prevent the development of symptoms in a disease (correct)

What is the role of a screening test as described in the text?

  • To provide treatment for the disease
  • To definitively diagnose a disease
  • To monitor the symptoms of a disease
  • To identify individuals who require further evaluation for diagnosis (correct)

In what scenario is screening recommended according to the text?

  • When there are high medical risks associated with screening
  • When the disease is serious and treatment is more effective before symptoms develop (correct)
  • When treatments are ineffective for the disease
  • When there is no available treatment for the disease

Why should persons with positive or suspicious findings from a screening test be further evaluated?

<p>To diagnose the disease definitively (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor would lead to a decision not to screen for a disease according to the text?

<p>No available treatments for the disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for a screening instrument to be reliable?

<p>It accurately distinguishes diseased from non-diseased individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the probability that a non-diseased person will test negative in a screening test?

<p>Specificity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a series of diagnostic tests in evaluating the validity of a screening test?

<p>To establish the true disease status (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is crucial for a screening instrument to accurately distinguish between diseased and non-diseased individuals?

<p>Consistent and reliable results (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does test validity in screening tests depend on?

<p>Comparing the accuracy of the test to a 'gold standard' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Positive Predictive Value (PPV) represent in the context of screening tests?

<p>The likelihood that a positive screening test truly indicates the presence of the disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario is most likely to result from False Negatives in screening tests?

<p>Delayed diagnosis and missed cases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to the hazards associated with False Positives in screening tests?

<p>Unnecessary additional diagnostic tests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Sensitivity defined in the context of screening tests?

<p>The probability of screening positive given one has the disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Specificity measure in the context of screening tests?

<p>The likelihood of a non-diseased person testing negative (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Institute of Medicine (IOM) define as 'access to health care'?

<p>Obtaining needed dental care in a timely manner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is NOT categorized as part of the vulnerable populations in terms of dental care access?

<p>Professionally active dentists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of professionally active dentists work in the private practice model?

<p>50% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of private practice dentists are employed by others?

<p>18% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the American population had dental benefits at the end of 2020?

<p>80% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of financing for the private practice model discussed in the text?

<p>Employer-based or privately purchased dental plans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of independent dentists' billings are from direct patient payments?

<p>39% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which barrier is mentioned in the text as a challenge faced by private practice dentists in terms of reimbursement?

<p>Keeping track of changing coverage and policies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of patients with private insurance pay out of pocket for dental services?

<p>30% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category represents 7% of patients in terms of their insurance coverage for dental care?

<p>Public insurance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of health equity?

<p>Achieving one's full health potential without disadvantage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the World Health Organization define wellness?

<p>State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are health disparities closely linked with according to the CDC?

<p>Social, economic, or environmental disadvantages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of health promotion?

<p>Encouraging lifestyle changes for optimal health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is wellness different from merely being disease-free?

<p>It includes social well-being and mental health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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