4- Screening for Early Detection of Illnesses

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What is the purpose of screening according to the text?

To monitor the progression of a disease

To treat diseases that have already developed symptoms

To diagnose an illness after symptoms develop

To prevent the development of symptoms in a disease (correct)

What is the role of a screening test as described in the text?

To provide treatment for the disease

To definitively diagnose a disease

To monitor the symptoms of a disease

To identify individuals who require further evaluation for diagnosis (correct)

In what scenario is screening recommended according to the text?

When there are high medical risks associated with screening

When the disease is serious and treatment is more effective before symptoms develop (correct)

When treatments are ineffective for the disease

When there is no available treatment for the disease

Why should persons with positive or suspicious findings from a screening test be further evaluated?

To diagnose the disease definitively Signup and view all the answers

What factor would lead to a decision not to screen for a disease according to the text?

No available treatments for the disease Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for a screening instrument to be reliable?

It accurately distinguishes diseased from non-diseased individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the probability that a non-diseased person will test negative in a screening test?

Specificity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a series of diagnostic tests in evaluating the validity of a screening test?

To establish the true disease status Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is crucial for a screening instrument to accurately distinguish between diseased and non-diseased individuals?

Consistent and reliable results Signup and view all the answers

What does test validity in screening tests depend on?

Comparing the accuracy of the test to a 'gold standard' Signup and view all the answers

What does Positive Predictive Value (PPV) represent in the context of screening tests?

The likelihood that a positive screening test truly indicates the presence of the disease Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario is most likely to result from False Negatives in screening tests?

Delayed diagnosis and missed cases Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to the hazards associated with False Positives in screening tests?

Unnecessary additional diagnostic tests Signup and view all the answers

How is Sensitivity defined in the context of screening tests?

The probability of screening positive given one has the disease Signup and view all the answers

What does Specificity measure in the context of screening tests?

The likelihood of a non-diseased person testing negative Signup and view all the answers

What does the Institute of Medicine (IOM) define as 'access to health care'?

Obtaining needed dental care in a timely manner Signup and view all the answers

Which group is NOT categorized as part of the vulnerable populations in terms of dental care access?

Professionally active dentists Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of professionally active dentists work in the private practice model?

50% Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of private practice dentists are employed by others?

18% Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the American population had dental benefits at the end of 2020?

80% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of financing for the private practice model discussed in the text?

Employer-based or privately purchased dental plans Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of independent dentists' billings are from direct patient payments?

39% Signup and view all the answers

Which barrier is mentioned in the text as a challenge faced by private practice dentists in terms of reimbursement?

Keeping track of changing coverage and policies Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of patients with private insurance pay out of pocket for dental services?

30% Signup and view all the answers

Which category represents 7% of patients in terms of their insurance coverage for dental care?

Public insurance Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of health equity?

Achieving one's full health potential without disadvantage Signup and view all the answers

How does the World Health Organization define wellness?

State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being Signup and view all the answers

What are health disparities closely linked with according to the CDC?

Social, economic, or environmental disadvantages Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of health promotion?

Encouraging lifestyle changes for optimal health Signup and view all the answers

How is wellness different from merely being disease-free?

It includes social well-being and mental health Signup and view all the answers