30 Questions
What is the purpose of screening according to the text?
To prevent the development of symptoms in a disease
What is the role of a screening test as described in the text?
To identify individuals who require further evaluation for diagnosis
In what scenario is screening recommended according to the text?
When the disease is serious and treatment is more effective before symptoms develop
Why should persons with positive or suspicious findings from a screening test be further evaluated?
To diagnose the disease definitively
What factor would lead to a decision not to screen for a disease according to the text?
No available treatments for the disease
What does it mean for a screening instrument to be reliable?
It accurately distinguishes diseased from non-diseased individuals
Which term describes the probability that a non-diseased person will test negative in a screening test?
Specificity
What is the purpose of a series of diagnostic tests in evaluating the validity of a screening test?
To establish the true disease status
Which characteristic is crucial for a screening instrument to accurately distinguish between diseased and non-diseased individuals?
Consistent and reliable results
What does test validity in screening tests depend on?
Comparing the accuracy of the test to a 'gold standard'
What does Positive Predictive Value (PPV) represent in the context of screening tests?
The likelihood that a positive screening test truly indicates the presence of the disease
Which scenario is most likely to result from False Negatives in screening tests?
Delayed diagnosis and missed cases
What factor contributes to the hazards associated with False Positives in screening tests?
Unnecessary additional diagnostic tests
How is Sensitivity defined in the context of screening tests?
The probability of screening positive given one has the disease
What does Specificity measure in the context of screening tests?
The likelihood of a non-diseased person testing negative
What does the Institute of Medicine (IOM) define as 'access to health care'?
Obtaining needed dental care in a timely manner
Which group is NOT categorized as part of the vulnerable populations in terms of dental care access?
Professionally active dentists
What percentage of professionally active dentists work in the private practice model?
50%
What percentage of private practice dentists are employed by others?
18%
What percentage of the American population had dental benefits at the end of 2020?
80%
What is the primary source of financing for the private practice model discussed in the text?
Employer-based or privately purchased dental plans
What percentage of independent dentists' billings are from direct patient payments?
39%
Which barrier is mentioned in the text as a challenge faced by private practice dentists in terms of reimbursement?
Keeping track of changing coverage and policies
What percentage of patients with private insurance pay out of pocket for dental services?
30%
Which category represents 7% of patients in terms of their insurance coverage for dental care?
Public insurance
What is the ultimate goal of health equity?
Achieving one's full health potential without disadvantage
How does the World Health Organization define wellness?
State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
What are health disparities closely linked with according to the CDC?
Social, economic, or environmental disadvantages
What is the primary focus of health promotion?
Encouraging lifestyle changes for optimal health
How is wellness different from merely being disease-free?
It includes social well-being and mental health
Learn about the importance of screening to detect illnesses before symptoms develop, the concept of Detectable Pre-Clinical Phase (DPCP), and when to consider screening. Understand that screening tests are not diagnostic and positive findings require further evaluation for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
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