Scoliosis

What is the estimated total cost of low back pain in the United States per year?

After what age do complaints of back pain begin to increase in prevalence in men?

What is the most common symptom associated with sciatica?

What is the possible cause of urinary retention or incontinence in the context of low back pain?

What is the most common cause of structural kyphosis?

What is the characteristic feature of Scheuermann’s disease?

What treatment is generally recommended for curves up to 40 degrees in adolescents?

What is the cause of kyphosis in elderly individuals?

What is the characteristic feature of kyphosis in Scheuermann’s disease?

What might be a type of Osteochondritis of the vertebral epiphyseal endplate in Scheuermann’s disease?

What is the characteristic presentation of Scheuermann’s disease in girls?

What condition may cause kyphosis if it occurs in the thoracic spine during puberty?

What are the clinical features of scoliosis?

Which imaging techniques are used for the diagnosis of spinal deformities?

What is the most appropriate management approach for postural kyphosis?

Which conditions may be associated with neuropathic and myopathic scoliosis?

What are the different types of idiopathic scoliosis mentioned in the text?

What is the aim of the management of scoliosis?

Which positions are used in the clinical examination of spinal deformities?

What may be required for the management of congenital scoliosis?

What is the characteristic of abnormal kyphosis mentioned in the text?

What are the different causes of scoliosis mentioned in the text?

What is the type of curvature seen in scoliosis?

What type of examination is performed to assess muscle power and sensation in spinal deformities?

Low back pain accounts for more patient visits to the physician’s office per year in the United States than any other health condition.

The estimated total cost of low back pain in the United States per year is less than $100 billion.

Symptoms of low back pain include numbness or paraesthesia in the upper limbs.

Sciatica is a radiating pain from buttock to the thigh & calf, following the distribution of the sciatic nerve.

Kyphosis is always correctable

Scheuermann’s disease is a growth disorder of the spine that only affects boys

Kyphosis in adults is primarily due to degenerative changes of the spine

Structural kyphosis is associated with changes in the shape of the vertebrae

The cause of Scheuermann’s disease is known to be a type of Osteochondritis of the vertebral epiphyseal endplate

Curves up to 40 degrees in adolescents with scoliosis always require surgical correction

Senile kyphosis is primarily due to senile osteoporosis

Compensatory kyphosis is always secondary to a fixed flexion deformity of the hip joint

True or false: Clinical examination of spinal deformities includes sitting, standing, and lying down positions to assess scar, pigmentation, abnormal hair, spine shape, muscle power, and sensation?

True or false: Different tests like leg raising and full neurological exam are not performed as part of the clinical examination of spinal deformities?

True or false: Imaging techniques like X-ray, CT scan, and MRI are used for the diagnosis of spinal deformities?

True or false: Scoliosis is exclusively caused by idiopathic factors?

True or false: Management of scoliosis depends on the type and may involve observation, bracing, or surgery?

True or false: Abnormal kyphosis is not voluntarily correctable?

True or false: Treatment for postural kyphosis may involve surgical intervention?

True or false: Infantile scoliosis has the same management approach as juvenile scoliosis?

True or false: Congenital scoliosis is not due to vertebral anomalies?

True or false: Neuropathic and myopathic scoliosis are not associated with specific conditions like poliomyelitis and cerebral palsy?

True or false: The aim of the management of scoliosis is to only prevent severe deformity?

True or false: The prognosis and treatment of scoliosis do not depend on the type and severity of the condition?

Kyphosis is a growth disorder of the spine in which the vertebrae become slightly wedged shaped. If this occurs in thoracic spine will cause mild ______.

Curves up to 40 degrees needs no treatment except back strengthening exercises & postural ______.

Kyphosis of elderly due to degenerative changes of the spine and narrowing of the intervertebral spaces may cause the senile ______

Structural kyphosis: is fixed , and associated with changes in the shape of the ______.

Kyphosis in adults: Kyphosis of elderly due to degenerative changes of the spine and narrowing of the intervertebral spaces may cause the senile ______

The term (Kyphos or Gibbus) means a sharp posterior angulation due to localized collapse or wedging of one or more ______.

It might be due to fracture, congenital anomaly or TB of those ______.

Curves up to 40 degrees needs no treatment except back strengthening exercises & ______ training.

Imaging techniques like X-ray, CT scan, MRI, and radioisotope scanning are used for ______

Clinical features of scoliosis include deformity and ______, and diagnostic features include X-rays and special tests

Management of scoliosis aims to prevent severe deformity and stop further progression, with prognosis and treatment depending on the type and ______ of the condition

Kyphosis can be normal or abnormal, and abnormal kyphosis may be postural and voluntarily ______

Different types of idiopathic scoliosis include adolescent, juvenile, and ______, each with specific management approaches

Congenital scoliosis is due to vertebral anomalies and may require surgical ______

Neuropathic and myopathic scoliosis may be associated with conditions like poliomyelitis and cerebral palsy, and treatment may involve observation, ______, or surgery

Treatment for postural kyphosis may involve postural ______

Management of scoliosis depends on the type and may involve observation, ______, or surgery

Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine with various causes including idiopathic, osteopathic, ______, and connective tissue disorders

Clinical examination includes standing, prone, and supine positions to assess scar, pigmentation, abnormal hair, spine shape, tenderness, muscle power, and ______

Different tests like leg raising, full neurological exam, and peripheral pulse examination are ______

Low back pain accounts for more than 15 million patient visits to the physician’s office per year in the United States, second only to the number of patient visits for respiratory infections. Complaints of back pain begin around age 35 years and increase in prevalence up to age 50 years in men and age 60 years in women. Symptoms: Pain, stiffness and deformity of the back. Pain, paraesthesia or weakness of the lower limbs. The mode of onset is so important, (sudden. gradual. After lifting heavy object.) Any other associated illnesses or malaise. ______ Stiffness : Sudden & almost complete (after disc prolapse) , continuous & predominantly at morning ( arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis). Deformity : any shoulder asymmetry ( scoliosis , kyphosis). Numbness or paraesthesia in the lower limbs: matching which dermatome.aggrevating factor. Standing. Walking. Sitting. With intermittent claudication. Urinary retention or incontinence: can be due to pressure on cauda equina. May be associated with faecal incontinence, urgency, or impotence.

The total cost of low back pain in the United States is ______ than $100 billion per year; one third are direct costs for care, with the remaining costs resulting from decreased productivity, lost wages, and absenteeism. Low back pain accounts for more than 15 million patient visits to the physician’s office per year in the United States, second only to the number of patient visits for respiratory infections. Complaints of back pain begin around age 35 years and increase in prevalence up to age 50 years in men and age 60 years in women. Symptoms: Pain, stiffness and deformity of the back. Pain, paraesthesia or weakness of the lower limbs. The mode of onset is so important, (sudden. gradual. After lifting heavy object.) Any other associated illnesses or malaise. Sciatica: it is a radiating pain from buttock to the thigh & calf , more or less in the distribution of the distribution of the sciatic nerve. Stiffness : Sudden & almost complete (after disc prolapse) , continuous & predominantly at morning ( arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis). Deformity : any shoulder asymmetry ( scoliosis , kyphosis). Numbness or paraesthesia in the lower limbs: matching which dermatome.aggrevating factor. Standing. Walking. Sitting. With intermittent claudication. Urinary retention or incontinence: can be due to pressure on cauda equina. May be associated with faecal incontinence, urgency, or impotence.

The mode of onset is so important, (sudden. gradual. After lifting heavy object.) Any other associated illnesses or malaise. Sciatica: it is a radiating pain from buttock to the thigh & calf , more or less in the distribution of the distribution of the sciatic nerve. Stiffness : Sudden & almost complete (after disc prolapse) , continuous & predominantly at morning ( arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis). Deformity : any shoulder asymmetry ( scoliosis , kyphosis). Numbness or paraesthesia in the lower limbs: matching which dermatome.______. Standing. Walking. Sitting. With intermittent claudication. Urinary retention or incontinence: can be due to pressure on cauda equina. May be associated with faecal incontinence, urgency, or impotence.

Pain, stiffness and ______ of the back. Pain, paraesthesia or weakness of the lower limbs. The mode of onset is so important, (sudden. gradual. After lifting heavy object.) Any other associated illnesses or malaise. Sciatica: it is a radiating pain from buttock to the thigh & calf , more or less in the distribution of the distribution of the sciatic nerve. Stiffness : Sudden & almost complete (after disc prolapse) , continuous & predominantly at morning ( arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis). Deformity : any shoulder asymmetry ( scoliosis , kyphosis). Numbness or paraesthesia in the lower limbs: matching which dermatome.aggrevating factor. Standing. Walking. Sitting. With intermittent claudication. Urinary retention or incontinence: can be due to pressure on cauda equina. May be associated with faecal incontinence, urgency, or impotence.