Scientific Thinking Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary objective of scientific thinking?

  • To remain influenced by personal interests
  • To gather a set of indisputable facts
  • To understand how the natural world works (correct)
  • To confirm pre-existing beliefs

What term describes information that is influenced by feelings, interests, or prejudices?

  • Empirical
  • Subjective (correct)
  • Fact-based
  • Objective

Which of the following factors can influence scientific results?

  • Independent variable selection
  • Employment of peer review
  • Gender and nationality of the scientist (correct)
  • Use of standardized measurements

How is scientific understanding characterized according to the provided content?

<p>It can change over time with new evidence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the nature of science?

<p>Science does not provide certainty, only degrees of probability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do new tools and technologies play in scientific understanding?

<p>They can lead to revised interpretations of facts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for people to evaluate scientific information?

<p>To make informed decisions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key principle of the scientific process?

<p>It aims for objectivity and lack of bias (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary requirement for good science?

<p>Objectivity to avoid bias (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a Natural Science?

<p>Biology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of science focuses on practical applications of knowledge?

<p>Applied Science (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Basic Science from Applied Science?

<p>Basic Science is about pure knowledge and facts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a 'Soft Science'?

<p>Psychology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a 'Hard Science'?

<p>Biology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of Basic/Pure Science?

<p>Mathematics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of Humanities and Social Sciences?

<p>Investigate social relationships and human behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Objective Science

Scientific study that is not influenced by feelings, interests, or prejudices.

Subjective Science

Scientific study that is influenced by personal feelings, interests, or prejudices.

Scientific Process

The way scientists investigate the natural world.

Bias in Science

Factors that can affect the reliability of scientific results, such as researcher's gender, nationality, interests or sampling methods.

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Evaluating Scientific Info

Assessing scientific information to make informed decisions.

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Understanding the Natural World

Science's goal is to understand how nature works and its history.

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Science is Probabilistic

Scientific understanding is based on probabilities, not absolute certainty.

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Science is Dynamic

Scientific understanding evolves over time as tools & knowledge improve.

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Good Science

Good science is objective. Experiments are designed without bias.

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Humanities and Social Sciences

Study social aspects like behavior, society, and relationships.

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Natural Sciences

Study the physical world: matter, energy, and interactions.

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Soft Sciences

Humanities and social sciences (less precise).

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Hard Sciences

Natural sciences (more precise, data-driven).

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Basic/Pure Science

Focus on finding knowledge and facts, no immediate practical purpose.

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Applied Science

Use knowledge to create something practical or solve a problem.

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Bias

A prejudice or preconceived idea that may skew the results of a study

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Study Notes

Course Information

  • Course Name: "Scientific Thinking"
  • Instructor: Dr. Manal Shams-Dean Ahmed
  • Affiliation: Assistant Professor of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, Suez Canal University
  • Website: sinaiuniversity.net

What is Science?

  • Science is a process to understand the natural world and its workings.
  • Science is not just collecting facts but using observations for understanding.
  • Science involves a degree of probability, not certainty.
  • Scientific understanding can change over time with new observations and interpretations.
  • New tools and technology can lead to changes in scientific understanding.

Features of Good Science

  • Objectivity is a critical component of good science.
  • Experiments should be designed and conducted without bias.

Types of Science

  • Social Sciences: Study the human aspect (e.g., psychology, history, economics, geography)
  • Natural Sciences: Study the physical world (e.g., biology, mathematics, pharmacology)
  • Basic/Pure Science: The search for knowledge and facts
  • Applied Science: Uses knowledge in a practical way (e.g., pharmacy, engineering)

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