Scientific Revolution Overview
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Questions and Answers

What was a primary characteristic of the Medieval view of the world?

  • A focus on empirical evidence and experimentation
  • A belief in the heliocentric model of the universe
  • An emphasis on humanistic values and individualism
  • A strong reliance on religious and theological explanations (correct)

    • Which factor contributed to the independence of medieval philosophers from theologians?

  • The support of monarchies for scientific exploration
  • The discovery of the laws of motion
  • The rise of mercantilism impacting education
  • The establishment of universities as centers of learning (correct)

    • What was the geocentric view of the universe?

  • The Earth revolves around the Sun in elliptical orbits
  • The Earth is at the center of a static, motionless universe (correct)
  • The Moon is the only celestial body around which Earth rotates
  • All celestial bodies are in constant motion around the Earth

    • How did the Renaissance stimulate the Scientific Revolution?

    <p>Through the rediscovery of ancient mathematics and humanistic principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following instruments were NOT required due to navigational problems during the Scientific Revolution?

    <p>Steam engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical theory did Galen believe was essential for human health?

    <p>Proper balance of the four humors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Paracelsus known for in his medical practices?

    <p>Using chemical remedies for illnesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant contribution did Andreas Vesalius make to medicine?

    <p>Wrote a detailed book on human anatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did William Harvey's work primarily focus on?

    <p>The circulation of blood throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Vesalius is true?

    <p>He accurately assembled human skeletons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Kepler prove about the orbits of planets?

    <p>They are elliptical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law of motion states that an object in motion remains in motion unless acted upon by an external force?

    <p>Law of inertia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Galileo's contribution to the understanding of celestial bodies?

    <p>He identified that moons and planets were not perfect spheres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for the controversy surrounding Galileo's findings?

    <p>His support for heliocentrism opposed by the Catholic Church.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Kepler's third law of planetary motion describe?

    <p>The relationship between a planet's distance from the sun and its orbital period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant belief held by alchemists during the medieval period?

    <p>Base metals can be transformed into gold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following figures was known for mixing magic with science?

    <p>Paracelsus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the perception of astrology change during the Enlightenment?

    <p>Astrology's influence diminished and was viewed with skepticism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between alchemy and chemistry in the 17th and 18th centuries?

    <p>Alchemy and chemistry had overlapping practices and ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common belief persisted among peasants during the Enlightenment?

    <p>Divine and demonic forces controlled their lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major consequence of the Scientific Revolution regarding societal beliefs?

    <p>Emergence of secularism and hostility towards religion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects Copernicus' heliocentric model?

    <p>The Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant objection to the Copernican model?

    <p>It could not explain retrograde motion satisfactorily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Martin Luther and John Calvin respond to Copernicus' heliocentric model?

    <p>They condemned it based on biblical interpretations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Tycho Brahe's contribution to astronomy in the late 16th century?

    <p>He collected a vast amount of astronomical data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the Catholic Church initially play concerning the Copernican theory?

    <p>They interpreted the Bible literally and condemned the theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a limitation of Copernicus' model?

    <p>It relied on the idea of epicycles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the general philosophical shift that accompanied the Scientific Revolution?

    <p>A rise in empirical and experimental research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the major contribution of Isaac Newton to the understanding of the universe?

    <p>He incorporated Copernican and Keplerian astronomy with Galileo's physics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which book is known for detailing the principle of universal gravitation?

    <p>Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Newton's view of natural laws challenge medieval beliefs?

    <p>It asserted that natural phenomena could be explained without divine intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essence of Francis Bacon's empirical method?

    <p>To begin with observations and build towards a hypothesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phrase is famously associated with René Descartes to prove existence?

    <p>Cogito ergo sum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Cartesian Dualism assert?

    <p>Existence is divided into spiritual and material, each requiring different approaches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant innovation introduced by Isaac Newton besides the principle of gravitation?

    <p>Development of calculus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two methods formed the backbone of the modern scientific method according to Bacon and Descartes?

    <p>Inductive method and deductive reasoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Anton van Leeuwenhoek known for?

    <p>Creating powerful microscopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of the Royal Scientific Societies contributed to their effectiveness?

    <p>They provided a platform for scientists to communicate internationally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Scientific Revolution influence the Enlightenment?

    <p>It directly led to new philosophical ideas and questioning of traditional beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the general attitude towards science and religion during the Scientific Revolution?

    <p>Scientists believed they were studying God's creation, maintaining a harmonious relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which invention improved navigation during the Scientific Revolution?

    <p>The chronometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect did the Scientific Revolution have on witch hunts?

    <p>It helped discredit superstition and reduced support for witch hunts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the role of Protestant and Catholic countries during the Scientific Revolution?

    <p>Protestant countries became leaders in science, especially England.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the outcomes of the improvements in medical knowledge during the Scientific Revolution?

    <p>It significantly improved the quality of life in the 19th and 20th centuries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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