Scientific Research Methods

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of falsifiability in scientific research?

  • An investigator formulates a hypothesis that can be disproven through experimentation. (correct)
  • A theory is adjusted to fit new evidence that contradicts its original predictions.
  • A scientist publishes findings without allowing other scientists to review the data.
  • A researcher designs an experiment in which the hypothesis can be proven true.

In an experiment studying the effect of fertilizer concentration on plant growth, what constitutes the independent variable?

  • The height of the plants.
  • The type of soil used.
  • The concentration of fertilizer. (correct)
  • The amount of water given to the plants.

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies the application of quantitative observation in scientific research?

  • Recording personal experiences during a psychology study.
  • Describing the color change of a chemical solution during a reaction.
  • Categorizing different types of bacteria based on their shape under a microscope.
  • Measuring the temperature of a liquid at specific intervals during a heating process. (correct)

How would you define a scientific theory?

<p>A well-substantiated explanation incorporating facts, laws, and tested hypotheses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is LEAST aligned with maintaining objectivity in scientific investigations?

<p>Relying on personal opinions when interpreting data. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does peer review play in scientific research?

<p>It provides feedback on originality, validity, and significance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of how science enhances the quality of life?

<p>By solving complex problems through technological advancements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is reproducibility considered to be a core principle of science?

<p>It ensures that any scientist can replicate the results, promoting reliability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which situation represents a breach of scientific integrity?

<p>Fabricating data to support a hypothesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes the main difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

<p>Qualitative data cannot be easily measured numerically. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Science?

A systematic approach to understanding the natural world through observation, experimentation, and analysis.

Objectivity

Investigations should be unbiased and based on observable evidence, not personal opinions.

Empirical Evidence

Scientific claims must be supported by verifiable evidence obtained through observation or experimentation.

Skepticism in Science

Critically evaluate evidence and be open to revising theories based on new information.

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Falsifiability

A scientific theory must be able to be proven wrong; it must be falsifiable.

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Reproducibility

Experiments should be reproducible by other scientists to ensure reliability.

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Scientific Theory

A well-substantiated explanation of the natural world incorporating facts, laws, inferences, and tested hypotheses.

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Quantitative Data

Numerical data that can be measured and analyzed statistically.

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Qualitative Data

Descriptive data that cannot be easily measured numerically (e.g., observations, interviews).

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Control Group in Experiment

A group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment and serves as a baseline for comparison.

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Study Notes

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