Scientific Problem-Solving Process and Reasoning Quiz

Which term describes a tentative explanation that can be tested through experimentation?

Hypothesis (correct)
Fact
Theory
Law

What type of reasoning involves making generalized conclusions based on specific observations?

Correlational reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning (correct)
Causal reasoning

Which term refers to a statement that describes a natural phenomenon based on repeated experimentation and observation?

Fact
Theory
Hypothesis
Law (correct)

What is the primary difference between a physical property and a chemical property of matter?

Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance, while chemical properties involve the substance's ability to change into a new substance. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the smallest particle of an element, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

Atom (B) Signup and view all the answers

What property of an atom is determined by the number of protons in its nucleus?

Atomic number (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an atom of oxygen-16?

8 protons, 8 electrons, 8 neutrons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of valence electrons in forming compounds?

Influence the reactivity and chemical bonding of the element (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes an ion?

A positively charged particle formed by gaining electrons (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ionic charge of a cation?

Positive charge (C) Signup and view all the answers

How are cations formed?

By losing electrons (B) Signup and view all the answers

What do the subscripts in a chemical formula represent?

The total number of atoms in the compound (C) Signup and view all the answers

In a complete combustion reaction, what are the products when hydrocarbons react with oxygen?

Carbon dioxide and water (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction is represented by the chemical equation: AB + CD → AD + CB?

Double displacement reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

'NH3' is the chemical formula for which common compound?

Ammonia (A) Signup and view all the answers

'H2O2' is the chemical formula for which common compound?

Hydrogen peroxide (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a scientific theory?

A well-substantiated explanation acquired through the scientific method and repeatedly tested and confirmed through observation and experimentation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?

Inductive reasoning starts with specific observations, while deductive reasoning starts with a hypothesis or general principle (D) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a good science versus poor science?

Good science is based on systematic observation and experimentation, while poor science lacks rigorous testing and validation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of making decisions based on poor science?

The decisions may lead to ineffective solutions or even harmful outcomes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of pseudoscience?

Pseudoscience often lacks empirical evidence and does not adhere to the scientific method (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is confirmation bias in scientific research?

A bias towards accepting results that support the hypothesis (B) Signup and view all the answers