Study of Life

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of a theory in the scientific method?

The expected outcome if the hypothesis is true

A tentative answer to a well-framed question

A broader, well-supported explanation (correct)

The average of a set of data

What does the term 'mean' refer to in the context of data analysis?

The expected outcome if the hypothesis is true

How far data is from the average

The average - sum of data divided by sample size (correct)

The spread or variability of data

Match the following terms with their correct definition:

Hypothesis = Tentative answer to well-framed question Prediction = Expected outcome if the hypothesis is true Standard Definition = How far data is from average (spread/variability)

Match the following steps of the scientific method to their descriptions:

Ask a question about an observation = Initial curiosity or doubt that initiates the research process Do background Research = Investigate existing literature and information related to the question Construct Falsifiable Hypothesis = Create a testable prediction based on the research Test the Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment = Carry out a controlled procedure to determine the validity of the hypothesis Collect Data = Gather and record information during the experiment Analyze Data = Examine the collected information to identify patterns and relationships Support/Refute Hypothesis (or refine) = Determine whether the evidence confirms or contradicts the hypothesis, or if the hypothesis needs to be adjusted Signup and view all the answers

Match the levels of biological organization with their descriptions:

Biosphere = All of the inhabited earth; the sum of ecosystems Ecosystems = Organisms in a particular area and interactions with abiotic components Communities = All organisms in a particular area (collection of neighbouring populations w/ the potential to interact) Populations = Group of the same species, living in the same area, that interbreed to produce fertile offspring Signup and view all the answers

Match the following levels of biological organization with their definitions:

Organisms = Individual living things Organs/Organ Systems = Organs = body parts performing specific functions Organ Systems = organs of complex plants/animals Tissues = Integrated group of cells w/ common structure and/or function Cells = Fundamental units of structure and function Signup and view all the answers

Match these biological structures with their descriptions:

Organelles = Membrane-bound structures w/ special functions (found in eukaryotic cytoplasm) Molecules = A chemical structure consisting of 2+ atoms Ecosystems = Organisms in a particular area and interactions with abiotic components Communities = All organisms in a particular area (collection of neighbouring populations w/ the potential to interact) Signup and view all the answers

What are three examples of biospheres and their corresponding types?

Lithosphere - earth, Hydrosphere - water, Atmosphere - Air Signup and view all the answers

What are three examples of ecosystems?

Deserts, forests, coral reefs Signup and view all the answers

Match the following domains with their key characteristics:

Domain Bacteria = Most diverse and widespread prokaryotes, often named by shape Domain Archaea = Prokaryotes living in extreme environments, genetically more like eukaryotes than prokaryotes Domain Eukarya = Includes all eukaryotic organisms, contains membrane-bound organelles and nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following categories of organisms with their descriptions:

Prokaryotes = Unicellular organisms that lack nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Eukaryotes = Large and complex, mostly multicellular organisms containing membrane-bound organelles and nucleus Protists = Eukaryotic organisms not belonging to any kingdom Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of unity in evolution?

Organisms today are modified descendants of a common ancestor Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of diversity in evolution?

Organisms today differ from each other due to heritable changes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the unity and diversity of life?

All living organisms share the same basic properties Signup and view all the answers

Match the following biological kingdoms with their characteristics:

Kingdom Plantae = multicellular eukaryotes that carry out photosynthesis Kingdom Fungi = multicellular (except single-celled yeast) eukaryotes that absorb nutrients externally Kingdom Animalia = multicellular eukaryotes that ingest other organisms Protists = mostly unicellular eukaryotes; Includes animal-like amoeba, plant-like algae, fungal-like Dictyostelium Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of organisms with their feeding methods:

Kingdom Plantae = Carries out photosynthesis Kingdom Fungi = Absorbs nutrients externally Kingdom Animalia = Ingests other organisms Protists = Includes organisms with varied feeding methods Signup and view all the answers

Match the following biological kingdoms and groups with their cellular composition:

Kingdom Plantae = Multicellular eukaryotes Kingdom Fungi = Multicellular (except single-celled yeast) eukaryotes Kingdom Animalia = Multicellular eukaryotes Protists = Mostly unicellular eukaryotes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate reason why prokaryotes don't have their own kingdom?

Prokaryotes are classified under the Monera kingdom Signup and view all the answers

Why are protists often more closely related to other eukaryotic kingdoms than each other?

Protists have no common ancestor between its species Signup and view all the answers

Which historical classification included monera as a kingdom?

5 Kingdoms System Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Scientific Method and Theories

A theory in the scientific method is a comprehensive explanation of an aspect of nature that is supported by a vast body of evidence and can predict phenomena.

Data Analysis

In data analysis, 'mean' refers to the average value of a dataset, calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of values.

Steps of the Scientific Method

Observation: Gathering information and noticing phenomena.
Hypothesis: Formulating a testable prediction based on observations.
Experimentation: Testing the hypothesis through controlled experiments.
Analysis: Interpreting data to determine if it supports the hypothesis.
Conclusion: Drawing conclusions based on the data and results from the experiments.

Levels of Biological Organization

Cells: The basic unit of life that carries out all life processes.
Tissues: Groups of similar cells that perform a specific function.
Organs: Structures composed of different tissues working together for a common purpose.
Organ Systems: Groups of organs that work together to perform complex functions in an organism.
Organism: Individual entities that are composed of one or more cells.

Biological Structures

Organelles: Specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct functions.
Cell Membrane: The protective outer layer of a cell that regulates what enters and exits.
Nucleus: The control center of the cell that houses DNA.
Ribosomes: The site of protein synthesis within a cell.

Biospheres Examples

Terrestrial biosphere: Comprising land ecosystems like forests and deserts.
Aquatic biosphere: Includes freshwater and marine environments.
Urban biosphere: Human-dominated areas where nature interacts with city ecosystems.

Ecosystem Examples

Forest ecosystem: A community of trees, plants, animals, and microorganisms interacting in a wooded environment.
Desert ecosystem: Characterized by low rainfall, desert flora, and fauna adapted to extreme conditions.
Aquatic ecosystem: Water-based environments like lakes, rivers, and oceans with diverse organisms.

Domains Key Characteristics

Bacteria: Prokaryotic, unicellular organisms with no membrane-bound nucleus.
Archaea: Prokaryotic, often extremophiles with distinct biochemistry.
Eukarya: Organisms with complex cells containing a nucleus and organelles.

Categories of Organisms

Autotrophs: Organisms that produce their own food via photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
Heterotrophs: Organisms that obtain food by consuming other organisms.
Decomposers: Organisms that break down dead material, recycling nutrients in ecosystems.

Unity in Evolution

Unity in evolution is best described as the common biological processes and genetic mechanisms that unite diverse organisms, showcasing shared ancestry.

Diversity in Evolution

Diversity in evolution refers to the vast array of different living organisms and the various adaptations that arise through evolution in response to environmental changes.

True Statements on Unity and Diversity

Unity and diversity of life highlight how all living organisms share fundamental biological characteristics, while also exhibiting a wide range of forms and functions.

Biological Kingdoms Characteristics

Plantae: Multicellular, photosynthetic organisms.
Animalia: Multicellular, heterotrophic organisms that move actively.
Fungi: Eukaryotic organisms that absorb nutrients from their environment through decomposition.

Types of Organisms Feeding Methods

Herbivores: Organisms that primarily consume plants.
Carnivores: Organisms that primarily consume other animals.
Omnivores: Organisms that eat both plants and animals.

Cellular Composition of Kingdoms

Prokaryotes: Cells without a nucleus (e.g., Bacteria, Archaea).
Eukaryotes: Cells with a nucleus (e.g., Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, and Protista).

Prokaryotes Kingdom Classification

Prokaryotes do not have their own kingdom due to their simple structure and lack of distinct morphological features that separate them from eukaryotes.

Protists and Eukaryotic Relationships

Protists are often more closely related to other eukaryotic kingdoms because they share a more recent common ancestor with these groups than they do with each other.

Historical Classification of Monera

The kingdom Monera included all prokaryotic organisms, making it a broad category that has since been divided into separate groups for clarity.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the scientific method and biological organization with this quiz. Match terms, steps, and levels to their correct definitions and descriptions.