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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of establishing discriminant validity?
What is the purpose of establishing discriminant validity?
- To show that the concept being measured is different from other related concepts (correct)
- To demonstrate that the measure is reliable and consistent
- To ensure that the research findings are statistically significant
- To prove that the theory underlying the research is correct
What type of relationship is expected between measures of verbal aggression and physical aggression when establishing discriminant validity?
What type of relationship is expected between measures of verbal aggression and physical aggression when establishing discriminant validity?
- A low correlation (correct)
- A strong negative correlation
- A strong positive correlation
- A moderate positive correlation
What is the purpose of the hypothesis-testing step in establishing validity?
What is the purpose of the hypothesis-testing step in establishing validity?
- To test if the research findings support the underlying theory (correct)
- To determine if the measure is reliable
- To show that the measure is different from other related measures
- To ensure that the research participants understood the questions
Which of the following is an example of convergent validity?
Which of the following is an example of convergent validity?
What type of validity is being established when the hypothesis derived from a theory is supported by the research findings?
What type of validity is being established when the hypothesis derived from a theory is supported by the research findings?
Which type of validity is demonstrated when there is a low correlation between measures of verbal aggression and physical aggression?
Which type of validity is demonstrated when there is a low correlation between measures of verbal aggression and physical aggression?
Which method can be used to check the internal consistency of an index by seeing if people who score high on the first half also score high on the second half?
Which method can be used to check the internal consistency of an index by seeing if people who score high on the first half also score high on the second half?
How is internal consistency determined by correlating each question with the total score of an index?
How is internal consistency determined by correlating each question with the total score of an index?
Which measure assesses the relative absence of random measurement error in a measuring instrument?
Which measure assesses the relative absence of random measurement error in a measuring instrument?
What does examining split-half correlation involve in checking the internal consistency of an index?
What does examining split-half correlation involve in checking the internal consistency of an index?
Which approach gives an idea of the contribution of each item to the reliability of an index?
Which approach gives an idea of the contribution of each item to the reliability of an index?
Why should an instrument with lower variability measure be more reliable than one with larger variability?
Why should an instrument with lower variability measure be more reliable than one with larger variability?
What determines the "goodness" of measurement according to the text?
What determines the "goodness" of measurement according to the text?
What is the purpose of assessing the reliability and validity of the scale?
What is the purpose of assessing the reliability and validity of the scale?
What does the term 'stability' refer to in the context of reliability?
What does the term 'stability' refer to in the context of reliability?
How is the test-retest correlation determined in the context of the text?
How is the test-retest correlation determined in the context of the text?
What does the term 'equivalence' refer to in the context of reliability?
What does the term 'equivalence' refer to in the context of reliability?
If the evidence collected supports the hypothesis, what can we conclude?
If the evidence collected supports the hypothesis, what can we conclude?
What is the purpose of face validity?
What is the purpose of face validity?
How is content validity different from face validity?
How is content validity different from face validity?
What is the first step in determining content validity for a measure of "political participation"?
What is the first step in determining content validity for a measure of "political participation"?
What is the main difference between face validation and content validation?
What is the main difference between face validation and content validation?
What does construct validity in measurements imply?
What does construct validity in measurements imply?
Which criterion of measurement deals with the aspect of whether a measure yields similar results when used repeatedly on the same individuals?
Which criterion of measurement deals with the aspect of whether a measure yields similar results when used repeatedly on the same individuals?
In the context of measurement, what does validity assess?
In the context of measurement, what does validity assess?
What is the primary difference between reliability and validity when considering measurements?
What is the primary difference between reliability and validity when considering measurements?
Which aspect of measurement is concerned with the internal consistency of all items in a measure?
Which aspect of measurement is concerned with the internal consistency of all items in a measure?
What does the reliability criterion assess when considering different investigators using the same measure?
What does the reliability criterion assess when considering different investigators using the same measure?
In measurement terms, what is the fundamental question that validity aims to answer?
In measurement terms, what is the fundamental question that validity aims to answer?
What is the purpose of the test-retest correlation in establishing the reliability of an index?
What is the purpose of the test-retest correlation in establishing the reliability of an index?
What does the term 'equivalence' refer to in the context of reliability?
What does the term 'equivalence' refer to in the context of reliability?
What is the purpose of establishing discriminant validity?
What is the purpose of establishing discriminant validity?
What is the main difference between face validation and content validation?
What is the main difference between face validation and content validation?
Which type of validity is demonstrated when there is a low correlation between measures of verbal aggression and physical aggression?
Which type of validity is demonstrated when there is a low correlation between measures of verbal aggression and physical aggression?
What does examining split-half correlation involve in checking the internal consistency of an index?
What does examining split-half correlation involve in checking the internal consistency of an index?
Which of the following is NOT a way to check the internal consistency of an index according to the text?
Which of the following is NOT a way to check the internal consistency of an index according to the text?
What measure can be used to index the relative absence of random measurement error in a measuring instrument?
What measure can be used to index the relative absence of random measurement error in a measuring instrument?
Which of the following approaches to determining reliability is described in the text as giving 'an idea of the contribution of each item to the reliability of the index'?
Which of the following approaches to determining reliability is described in the text as giving 'an idea of the contribution of each item to the reliability of the index'?
What is the purpose of establishing discriminant validity?
What is the purpose of establishing discriminant validity?
What type of relationship is expected between measures of verbal aggression and physical aggression when establishing discriminant validity?
What type of relationship is expected between measures of verbal aggression and physical aggression when establishing discriminant validity?
What is the first step in determining content validity for a measure of 'political participation'?
What is the first step in determining content validity for a measure of 'political participation'?
What is the central task of the scientific method, according to the text?
What is the central task of the scientific method, according to the text?
In the context of scientific method, what does 'comparing variations in two or more characteristics of the members of a category' help in achieving?
In the context of scientific method, what does 'comparing variations in two or more characteristics of the members of a category' help in achieving?
Which type of validity is the most demanding, requiring both theory and empirical data in the validation process?
Which type of validity is the most demanding, requiring both theory and empirical data in the validation process?
What does the term 'equivalence' refer to in the context of reliability?
What does the term 'equivalence' refer to in the context of reliability?
Which type of validity is demonstrated when there is a high correlation between measures of verbal aggression and physical aggression?
Which type of validity is demonstrated when there is a high correlation between measures of verbal aggression and physical aggression?
Which method can be used to check the internal consistency of an index by seeing if people who score high on the first half also score high on the second half?
Which method can be used to check the internal consistency of an index by seeing if people who score high on the first half also score high on the second half?
What is the purpose of establishing discriminant validity?
What is the purpose of establishing discriminant validity?
What does examining split-half correlation involve in checking the internal consistency of an index?
What does examining split-half correlation involve in checking the internal consistency of an index?
What do test norms provide a basis for?
What do test norms provide a basis for?
In addition to intelligence, where has factor analysis been applied according to the text?
In addition to intelligence, where has factor analysis been applied according to the text?
Which factors are approximately labeled as prevalent in studies related to personality structure?
Which factors are approximately labeled as prevalent in studies related to personality structure?
How are centile ranks calculated in a norm system?
How are centile ranks calculated in a norm system?
What does a standard score based on the symbol 'z' indicate?
What does a standard score based on the symbol 'z' indicate?
What is a common preference among educational and vocational counselors regarding scores compared to Guilford's model?
What is a common preference among educational and vocational counselors regarding scores compared to Guilford's model?
What is one area where there is even less consensus than in intelligence according to the text?
What is one area where there is even less consensus than in intelligence according to the text?
What does the 50th centile in test norms represent?
What does the 50th centile in test norms represent?
In what context does a standard score with a negative 'z' value occur?
In what context does a standard score with a negative 'z' value occur?
How does a standard score aid in interpreting an individual's performance?
How does a standard score aid in interpreting an individual's performance?
What is the purpose of multiplying z scores by an arbitrarily selected constant and adding another constant?
What is the purpose of multiplying z scores by an arbitrarily selected constant and adding another constant?
How is mental age computed in tests of intelligence?
How is mental age computed in tests of intelligence?
What is the primary reason for developing a form of IQ (intelligence quotient) as described in the text?
What is the primary reason for developing a form of IQ (intelligence quotient) as described in the text?
Why has the classical ratio IQ been largely replaced by the deviation IQ?
Why has the classical ratio IQ been largely replaced by the deviation IQ?
What technique did Thurstone develop to identify primary mental abilities in a set of tests of intelligence?
What technique did Thurstone develop to identify primary mental abilities in a set of tests of intelligence?
What is the mean and standard deviation for the deviation IQ at each age level?
What is the mean and standard deviation for the deviation IQ at each age level?
Why is the chronological age for individuals older than 18 taken as 18 when determining IQ?
Why is the chronological age for individuals older than 18 taken as 18 when determining IQ?
Why has the classical ratio IQ been largely supplanted by the deviation IQ according to the text?
Why has the classical ratio IQ been largely supplanted by the deviation IQ according to the text?
What is the main difference between the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and the Spearman rho correlation coefficient?
What is the main difference between the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and the Spearman rho correlation coefficient?
What is the purpose of establishing discriminant validity?
What is the purpose of establishing discriminant validity?
What does the term 'equivalence' refer to in the context of reliability?
What does the term 'equivalence' refer to in the context of reliability?
What is the primary reason for developing a form of IQ (intelligence quotient) as described in the text?
What is the primary reason for developing a form of IQ (intelligence quotient) as described in the text?
What is the first step in determining content validity for a measure of 'political participation'?
What is the first step in determining content validity for a measure of 'political participation'?
Which type of validity is demonstrated when there is a low correlation between measures of verbal aggression and physical aggression?
Which type of validity is demonstrated when there is a low correlation between measures of verbal aggression and physical aggression?
What does the formula for the biserial correlation coefficient involve?
What does the formula for the biserial correlation coefficient involve?
What is the main difference between the tetrachoric correlation coefficient and the Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient?
What is the main difference between the tetrachoric correlation coefficient and the Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient?
What is the key assumption made when using the rank-biserial correlation coefficient?
What is the key assumption made when using the rank-biserial correlation coefficient?
What is the main advantage of using the eta correlation ratio compared to the Pearson correlation coefficient?
What is the main advantage of using the eta correlation ratio compared to the Pearson correlation coefficient?
Which of the following is a key difference between the biserial correlation coefficient and the point-biserial correlation coefficient?
Which of the following is a key difference between the biserial correlation coefficient and the point-biserial correlation coefficient?
What is the point-biserial correlation coefficient a special case of?
What is the point-biserial correlation coefficient a special case of?
What does the Phi coefficient measure?
What does the Phi coefficient measure?
What distinguishes the biserial correlation coefficient from the point-biserial correlation coefficient?
What distinguishes the biserial correlation coefficient from the point-biserial correlation coefficient?
When using Pearson coefficients, what type of data do the coefficients generally require?
When using Pearson coefficients, what type of data do the coefficients generally require?
In what way does the biserial correlation coefficient differ from the point-biserial correlation?
In what way does the biserial correlation coefficient differ from the point-biserial correlation?
What is a key ethical principle that ensures test-takers are treated with respect regardless of personal characteristics?
What is a key ethical principle that ensures test-takers are treated with respect regardless of personal characteristics?
Which ethical issue relates to the understanding and competency of the psychologist administering the test?
Which ethical issue relates to the understanding and competency of the psychologist administering the test?
What is a critical requirement for test-givers to follow when selecting and administering tests?
What is a critical requirement for test-givers to follow when selecting and administering tests?
What is a potential consequence of breaching the ethical principle of confidentiality in psychological testing?
What is a potential consequence of breaching the ethical principle of confidentiality in psychological testing?
Which ethical consideration ensures that individuals have the freedom to decide not to participate in psychological testing?
Which ethical consideration ensures that individuals have the freedom to decide not to participate in psychological testing?
Does computerized testing and analysis of test results create a danger of minimizing human uniqueness?
Does computerized testing and analysis of test results create a danger of minimizing human uniqueness?
Who benefits from psychological testing according to the passage?
Who benefits from psychological testing according to the passage?
What might be a consequence of dehumanization in decision-making processes?
What might be a consequence of dehumanization in decision-making processes?
In what way does dehumanization manifest in computer-testing according to the text?
In what way does dehumanization manifest in computer-testing according to the text?
When is it considered acceptable to test without obtaining informed consent?
When is it considered acceptable to test without obtaining informed consent?
What is the primary purpose of debriefing participants after research, as described in the text?
What is the primary purpose of debriefing participants after research, as described in the text?
Which of the following should be avoided when disclosing test results to participants?
Which of the following should be avoided when disclosing test results to participants?
What is the primary reason for establishing discriminant validity for a test?
What is the primary reason for establishing discriminant validity for a test?
Which of the following statements about informed consent is incorrect according to the text?
Which of the following statements about informed consent is incorrect according to the text?
What is the primary purpose of establishing content validity for a test?
What is the primary purpose of establishing content validity for a test?
Which of the following statements regarding actuarial judgment and clinical judgment is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding actuarial judgment and clinical judgment is correct?
What is the primary concern regarding the validity of a test result?
What is the primary concern regarding the validity of a test result?
What is the primary purpose of obtaining informed consent in psychological testing?
What is the primary purpose of obtaining informed consent in psychological testing?
What is the primary concern regarding the validity of a test administered during a hiring process?
What is the primary concern regarding the validity of a test administered during a hiring process?
Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of informed consent as discussed in the text?
Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of informed consent as discussed in the text?
What is the primary ethical dilemma presented in the context of 'divided loyalties'?
What is the primary ethical dilemma presented in the context of 'divided loyalties'?
What is the primary ethical concern regarding the 'labeling' of psychiatric disorders?
What is the primary ethical concern regarding the 'labeling' of psychiatric disorders?
What is the key ethical principle regarding the 'invasion of privacy' in the context of psychological assessment?
What is the key ethical principle regarding the 'invasion of privacy' in the context of psychological assessment?
Which of the following best describes the ethical dilemma presented in the context of 'test security'?
Which of the following best describes the ethical dilemma presented in the context of 'test security'?
