Scientific Method
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of evidence-based practice?

  • To improve patient care and outcomes (correct)
  • To contribute to the generalizable knowledge base of nursing
  • To analyze healthcare-related processes
  • To solve problems through systematic inquiry

    • What is the main difference between research and performance improvement?

  • Research contributes to the generalizable knowledge base of nursing, while PI does not (correct)
  • Research focuses on improving patient care, while PI focuses on improving work processes
  • Research is used to develop evidence-based practices, while PI is not
  • Research is a formal approach to analyzing healthcare-related processes, while PI is not

    • What is the relationship between evidence-based practice, research, and performance improvement?

  • EBP and research are the same process, while PI is a separate process
  • They are three separate processes that are not related
  • Research informs EBP, and EBP informs PI (correct)
  • PI and research are the same process, while EBP is a separate process

    • What is the primary focus of performance improvement programs?

    <p>To improve processes or systems that significantly contribute to outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of selecting appropriate outcomes in research design?

    <p>To improve patient care and outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between translation research and outcomes research?

    <p>Translation research focuses on moving research findings into practice, while outcomes research focuses on measuring the effectiveness of interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of nurses in conducting research?

    <p>Nurses conduct research to study nursing questions and problems in greater depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of research involves inductive reasoning?

    <p>Qualitative research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of outcomes research?

    <p>To help patients, health care providers, and policymakers make informed decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase of translation research involves testing safety and efficacy in a larger group of human subjects?

    <p>Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of evidence-based practice?

    <p>To improve patient outcomes and reduce health care costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of performance improvement?

    <p>Improving patient outcomes and reducing health care costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of research is most likely to be supported by professional and specialty nursing organizations?

    <p>Nursing research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final phase of translation research?

    <p>Phase 5 population-level outcomes research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of outcomes research?

    <p>Focuses on the benefits, risks, costs, and holistic effects of a treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of critically appraising the evidence in evidence-based practice?

    <p>To determine the value, feasibility, and usefulness of evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a source of evidence in evidence-based practice?

    <p>Agency policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a PICOT format in evidence-based practice?

    <p>To ask a clinical question in a structured format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of translation research in evidence-based practice?

    <p>To apply research findings to practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a step in the evidence-based practice process?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of outcomes research in evidence-based practice?

    <p>To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of performance improvement in evidence-based practice?

    <p>Focusing on system-level performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of inductive reasoning in evidence-based practice?

    <p>To identify patterns and relationships in data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of evaluating an EBP change?

    <p>To determine the effectiveness of the change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key component of sustaining knowledge use in EBP?

    <p>Employing transformational leadership</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary audience for communicating the outcomes of an EBP decision?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of integrating teaching tools, clinical practice guidelines, and new assessment tools in EBP?

    <p>To improve patient outcomes through evidence-based practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an unexpected event that may occur during an EBP change?

    <p>The change is met with resistance from clinical staff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of evaluating the outcomes of a practice decision or change?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key component of evidence-based practice?

    <p>Evaluating the outcomes of a practice change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of translation research in EBP?

    <p>To translate research findings into practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a well-designed research study in evidence-based practice?

    <p>Systematically conducted to minimize bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step of evidence-based practice involves evaluating the effectiveness of a practice decision or change?

    <p>Evaluate the outcomes of practice decision or change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of cultivating a spirit of inquiry in evidence-based practice?

    <p>Consistent use of evidence-based practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a culture that supports evidence-based practice?

    <p>Nurses are encouraged to question practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the PICOT format in evidence-based practice?

    <p>To ask a clinical question</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of outcomes research in evidence-based practice?

    <p>Determining the outcomes of a specific intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step of evidence-based practice involves communicating the outcomes of a practice decision?

    <p>Communicate the outcomes of the evidence-based practice decision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of translation research in evidence-based practice?

    <p>To translate research findings into practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Scientific Method

    • Make an observation
    • Ask questions and gather information
    • Analyze the literature and form a research question or hypothesis
    • Conduct a study using scientific rigor
    • Analyze the data and draw conclusions

    Types of Research Studies

    • Quantitative research:
      • Experimental research
      • Nonexperimental research
      • Surveys
    • Qualitative research:
      • Inductive reasoning

    Nursing Research

    • Identify new knowledge, improve professional education and practice, and use resources effectively
    • Supported by professional and specialty nursing organizations
    • Translation research phases:
      • Preclinical and animal studies (basic science research)
      • Phase 1 clinical trials (testing safety and efficacy in a small group of human subjects)
      • Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials (testing safety and efficacy in a larger group of human subjects and testing for comparison to standard treatment)
      • Phase 4 clinical trials and outcomes research (translation to practice)
      • Phase 5 population-level outcomes research (translation to community)

    Outcomes Research

    • Helps patients, health care providers, and those in health care policy make informed decisions based on current evidence
    • Focuses on the benefits, risks, costs, and holistic effects of a treatment on patients
    • Outcomes must be observable or measurable
    • Researchers need to select appropriate outcomes when designing their studies

    Conduct of Nursing Research

    • Observing nurses performing research within a health care agency
    • Nursing research allows for the study of nursing questions and problems in greater depth within the context of nursing

    Performance Improvement

    • A formal approach for the analysis of health care–related processes
    • Reviews how existing interventions within a process function
    • Combined with EBP, PI is the foundation for excellent patient care and outcomes
    • Focuses on processes or systems that significantly contribute to outcomes

    Relationship Among EBP, Research, and PI

    • EBP: uses information from research and other sources to determine safe and effective nursing care with the goal of improving patient care and outcomes
    • Research: systematic inquiry answers questions, solves problems, and contributes to the generalizable knowledge base of nursing; may or may not improve patient care
    • PI: improves local work processes to improve patient outcomes and health system efficiency; results are usually not generalizable

    Evidence-Based Practice

    • Problem-solving approach to clinical practice that combines the best evidence with a clinician’s expertise, patient preferences and values, and health care resources in making decisions about patient care
    • The best scientific evidence comes from well-designed, systematically conducted research studies found in scientific, peer-reviewed journals
    • Steps of EBP:
      • Cultivate a spirit of inquiry
      • Ask a clinical question in PICOT format
      • Search for the best evidence
      • Critically appraise the evidence
      • Integrate the evidence
      • Evaluate the outcomes of practice decision or changes
      • Communicate the outcomes of the evidence-based practice decision

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    Chapter_005.pptx

    Description

    This quiz covers the steps and types of research studies in the scientific method, including making observations, forming hypotheses, and conducting studies.

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