12 Questions
What is the correct order of the steps for adjusting the focus on a microscope?
Use the fine focus knob, then adjust the light intensity, finally adjust the ocular lens
Which result indicates a positive test for reducing sugars in the Benedicts test?
Purple/Green
What does a black color indicate in the iodine test for starches?
Positive result
What are the four nucleotides used in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
Transporting amino acids to ribosomes
Which kingdoms are included in the four kingdoms classification system?
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
What are the four steps of the scientific method in the correct order?
Observe, Hypothesize, Test, Interpret
What is the formula to calculate total magnification when using an ocular lens with a power of 10x?
Objective x Ocular
Which are the three domains of life?
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
When should you start on when using a microscope to view a slide?
Red objective lens (10x)
What is the purpose of lysis buffer in DNA isolation?
Break open the nucleus
Which nitrogenous base is unique to RNA and not found in DNA?
Uracil
Study Notes
Scientific Method and Microscopy
- The scientific method involves four steps: Observe, Hypothesize, Test, Interpret
- The formula to calculate total magnification is objective x ocular
- Start with the red objective lens (10x) when using a microscope
- Use the coarse focus knob only for rough focusing under low magnification
- Use the fine focus knob to bring the sample into fine focus
- Adjust the light intensity using the rheostat or condenser
- Adjust the ocular lens to see only one image
- The iris controls the amount of light entering the condenser
Cell Biology
- The three domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
- The four kingdoms are Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
- Protists are typically present in pond water
- Fungi include yeast and mold
Cell Structure and Function
- Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) participates in protein synthesis
- Transcription is the process of making mRNA
- Translation is the process of making proteins using mRNA
- DNA is composed of nucleotides that code proteins
- The four nucleotides used in DNA are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
- Proteins are structural and functional molecules that carry out most cellular activities
Genetics
- Alleles are alternative forms of a gene
- Possible allele pairs include homozygous dominant (BB), homozygous recessive (bb), heterozygous (Bb)
- A hypothesis is a plausible explanation for what is already known
- A control group is not exposed or treated in experiments
- An independent variable is not affected by other variables
- A dependent variable is affected by other variables
Diseases and Tests
- Sickle cell anemia is a mutation that changes a protein, resulting in sickled red blood cells
- In the Sudan test for lipid, positive results show orange and negative results show red
- In the Biuret test for protein, blue indicates a negative result and purple/green indicates a positive result
- In the Benedict's test for reducing sugars, red/yellow indicates a positive result and blue indicates a negative result
- In the Iodine test for starches, yellow and orange indicate a negative result and black indicates a positive result
Test your knowledge about the scientific method, indirect evidence, total magnification calculation, three domains of life, and proper use of a microscope. Includes questions on observation, hypothesis, testing, interpretation, and microscopy techniques.
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