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Questions and Answers
What is the main difference between Correlational Laws and Causal Laws?
What is the main difference between Correlational Laws and Causal Laws?
- Correlational Laws specify causal relationships, while Causal Laws describe how events vary together.
- Correlational Laws allow prediction and control, while Causal Laws only allow prediction.
- Correlational Laws only allow prediction, while Causal Laws allow prediction and control. (correct)
- Correlational Laws are more powerful than Causal Laws.
What does determinism state in the context of science?
What does determinism state in the context of science?
- Determinism suggests that some scientific knowledge is secret and not available to the general public.
- Determinism indicates that there are no conditions that could guarantee accurate predictions.
- Determinism implies that science is based on unpredictable events.
- Determinism asserts that everything that happens has a finite number of causes and can be predicted accurately with complete information. (correct)
According to Karl Popper, what disagreement did he have with the traditional description of science?
According to Karl Popper, what disagreement did he have with the traditional description of science?
- Popper believed that scientific activity starts with empirical observation.
- Popper did not believe in the assumptions of determinism in science.
- Popper disagreed with the idea that science requires a subject to observe first. (correct)
- Popper viewed scientific method as involving problems, theories, and criticisms.
Which type of laws describe how classes of events vary together in some systematic way?
Which type of laws describe how classes of events vary together in some systematic way?
What does the Assumption of determinism entail for scientific investigations?
What does the Assumption of determinism entail for scientific investigations?
Which position is known as nondeterminism?
Which position is known as nondeterminism?
What is the key feature that distinguishes a Causal Law from a Correlational Law?
What is the key feature that distinguishes a Causal Law from a Correlational Law?
What makes personal responsibility meaningless, according to hard determinism?
What makes personal responsibility meaningless, according to hard determinism?
Which psychologist advocated for the compromise between hard determinism and free will?
Which psychologist advocated for the compromise between hard determinism and free will?
What aspect of psychology does Koch argue that the field should embrace?
What aspect of psychology does Koch argue that the field should embrace?
Which belief leads to a belief in personal responsibility according to the text?
Which belief leads to a belief in personal responsibility according to the text?
What aspect of human behavior does soft determinism suggest intervenes between experience and behavior?
What aspect of human behavior does soft determinism suggest intervenes between experience and behavior?
According to Karl Popper, what distinguishes a scientific theory from a non-scientific one?
According to Karl Popper, what distinguishes a scientific theory from a non-scientific one?
What is the highest status a scientific theory can attain according to Popper?
What is the highest status a scientific theory can attain according to Popper?
What is the role of incorrect predictions in scientific progress according to Popper?
What is the role of incorrect predictions in scientific progress according to Popper?
What is the meaning of the term 'paradigm' according to Thomas Kuhn?
What is the meaning of the term 'paradigm' according to Thomas Kuhn?
What is 'normal science' according to Thomas Kuhn?
What is 'normal science' according to Thomas Kuhn?
What is the main difference between puzzle solving and normal science?
What is the main difference between puzzle solving and normal science?
What is the main focus of nativists in explaining human origins?
What is the main focus of nativists in explaining human origins?
What do most psychologists today believe about the nature-nurture debate?
What do most psychologists today believe about the nature-nurture debate?
What is the study of knowledge called?
What is the study of knowledge called?
According to rationalists, what is the role of the mind in processing sensory information?
According to rationalists, what is the role of the mind in processing sensory information?
How do empiricists and rationalists differ in their understanding of chess players?
How do empiricists and rationalists differ in their understanding of chess players?
What problem arises from seeing the self as autonomous?
What problem arises from seeing the self as autonomous?
What is the relationship between physical and mental events according to the text?
What is the relationship between physical and mental events according to the text?
What is the concept of 'reification' described in the text?
What is the concept of 'reification' described in the text?
Which perspective is associated with the idea that human behavior can be explained by mechanical laws?
Which perspective is associated with the idea that human behavior can be explained by mechanical laws?
What is the main criticism of Western philosophy and psychology according to the irrationalist perspective?
What is the main criticism of Western philosophy and psychology according to the irrationalist perspective?
What did some rationalists believe about the relationship between knowledge and virtue?
What did some rationalists believe about the relationship between knowledge and virtue?
What is the main difference between the rationalist and irrationalist perspectives described in the text?
What is the main difference between the rationalist and irrationalist perspectives described in the text?
What is the position that argues causes of human behavior function in an automatic, mechanistic manner?
What is the position that argues causes of human behavior function in an automatic, mechanistic manner?
Which perspective believes that thoughtful deliberation makes personal responsibility meaningful?
Which perspective believes that thoughtful deliberation makes personal responsibility meaningful?
Who proposed the compromise between hard determinism and free will?
Who proposed the compromise between hard determinism and free will?
Which aspect of psychology did Koch argue should embrace both science and the humanities?
Which aspect of psychology did Koch argue should embrace both science and the humanities?
What is the term used to describe a belief in personal responsibility due to a version of psychical determinism?
What is the term used to describe a belief in personal responsibility due to a version of psychical determinism?
Which position argues that free will leads to a belief in personal responsibility?
Which position argues that free will leads to a belief in personal responsibility?
Why study the history of psychology, according to the text?
Why study the history of psychology, according to the text?
What was Gordon Allport's perspective on problem-solving in psychology?
What was Gordon Allport's perspective on problem-solving in psychology?
Which approach does the textbook take in presenting the history of psychology?
Which approach does the textbook take in presenting the history of psychology?
What is one reason provided in the text for the decline of citing old works by students?
What is one reason provided in the text for the decline of citing old works by students?
How does the text suggest that understanding the past helps avoid repeating mistakes?
How does the text suggest that understanding the past helps avoid repeating mistakes?
What does George Santayana's quote 'Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it' emphasize?
What does George Santayana's quote 'Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it' emphasize?
What is the demarcation criterion that distinguishes a scientific theory from a non-scientific theory?
What is the demarcation criterion that distinguishes a scientific theory from a non-scientific theory?
What is the term used to describe theories that explain phenomena after they have happened?
What is the term used to describe theories that explain phenomena after they have happened?
Which concept refers to the idea that all scientific theories will eventually be replaced with new theories?
Which concept refers to the idea that all scientific theories will eventually be replaced with new theories?
According to Thomas Kuhn, what is a 'paradigm' in the context of science?
According to Thomas Kuhn, what is a 'paradigm' in the context of science?
What does 'normal science' involve based on the text?
What does 'normal science' involve based on the text?
What type of predictions are considered necessary for a theory to be scientific?
What type of predictions are considered necessary for a theory to be scientific?
Which theory suggests that human behavior can be explained the way any machine can be?
Which theory suggests that human behavior can be explained the way any machine can be?
What term describes the tendency to believe that something exists independently just because it has a name?
What term describes the tendency to believe that something exists independently just because it has a name?
Which perspective stresses emotional experience over human reasoning, as mentioned in the text?
Which perspective stresses emotional experience over human reasoning, as mentioned in the text?
What concept involves the idea that what we mentally experience is the same as what happens physically, according to the text?
What concept involves the idea that what we mentally experience is the same as what happens physically, according to the text?
Which theory holds that life can never be reduced to material and mechanical laws?
Which theory holds that life can never be reduced to material and mechanical laws?
What do most people suggest is lost or gained at various points between experience and perception?
What do most people suggest is lost or gained at various points between experience and perception?
What type of determinism suggests that behavior is caused by genetic dispositions?
What type of determinism suggests that behavior is caused by genetic dispositions?
What do all forms of determinism have in common?
What do all forms of determinism have in common?
What principle suggests that human behavior is determined, but the causes cannot be accurately measured?
What principle suggests that human behavior is determined, but the causes cannot be accurately measured?
Which philosopher questioned the science of psychology as a whole?
Which philosopher questioned the science of psychology as a whole?
What role do chance encounters play in shaping human behavior according to Albert Bandura?
What role do chance encounters play in shaping human behavior according to Albert Bandura?
What type of determinism relates to a person's beliefs, emotions, and values?
What type of determinism relates to a person's beliefs, emotions, and values?
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