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Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of self-assembly in materials?
What type of bonding is characterized by the exchange of electrons between atoms?
What is an example of a self-organized system that arises from the interplay of long-range repulsions and short-range attractions?
What type of interaction is characterized by the attraction between hydrophobic (water-repelling) and hydrophobic regions?
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What is the term for the competition between two types of forces or interactions that leads to self-assembly?
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What is an example of a self-organized system that arises from the interplay of excluded volume and minimum space required?
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What type of force acts over a characteristic length scale?
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What is an example of a self-organized system that arises from the interplay of hydrophobic/hydrophilic incompatibility and covalent bonding?
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What is the term for the interaction between electric dipoles?
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What type of interaction is characterized by the attraction between opposite charges?
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Study Notes
Scales of Measurement
- Å (Ångström) is a unit of length equal to 10^-10 meters
- nm (nanometer) is a unit of length equal to 10^-9 meters
- mm (millimeter) is a unit of length equal to 10^-3 meters
- km (kilometer) is a unit of length equal to 10^3 meters
- AU (astronomical unit) is a unit of length equal to 1.49 x 10^11 meters
- ly (light-year) is a unit of length equal to 9.46 x 10^12 meters
Forces at Work in Self-Assembly
- van der Waals forces are a type of intermolecular force
- Brownian motion is a type of motion caused by collisions with surrounding particles
- Gravitation is a force that acts over long distances
- Electrostatics is a type of force that arises from the attraction and repulsion of charged particles
- Capillary forces are a type of force that arises from the interaction between surfaces and liquids
- Electromagnetic fields are a type of force that arises from the interaction between electrically charged particles
- Hydrogen bonds are a type of intermolecular force
- Coordination bonds are a type of intermolecular force
- Entropic interactions are a type of force that arises from the arrangement of particles in a system
Self-Assembly
- Self-assembly usually occurs in a fluid-like state, with water as the solvent
- Self-assembly can occur at different scales, including molecular, nano, and macro scales
- Self-assembly involves the optimization of local environments to produce a self-organized structure over a large volume
Applications of Self-Assembly
- Atomic, ionic, and molecular crystals can be created through self-assembly
- Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) can be used in microfabrication, sensors, and nano-electronics
- Lipid bilayers and lipid films can be used in biomembranes, emulsions, and liposomes for drug delivery
- Phase-separated and ionic layered polymers can be used in nano-structured templates
- Liquid crystals can be used in displays and TVs
- Colloidal crystals can be used in nanosphere lithography and photonic band gap materials
Bonding and Forces Revisited
- Covalent bonds are a type of chemical bond
- Ionic bonds are a type of electrostatic force
- Hydrogen bonding is a type of intermolecular force
- van der Waals forces are a type of intermolecular force
- Hydrophobic interactions are a type of force that arises from the interaction between non-polar molecules and water
Competition Between Forces
- Self-assembly often occurs due to a competition between two types of forces or interactions
- The interplay of long-range repulsions and short-range attractions can lead to different types of self-assembly
- Examples of self-organized systems include micelles, lyotropic LC, block copolymers, ionic crystals, thermotropic LC, ferroelectric domains, and magnetic domains
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Description
This quiz is about converting units of measurement including ångström, millimeter, kilometer, astronomical unit, and light-year. It also covers scientific notation.
