Science Unit 0 & Space Systems Unit 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of the phases of the Moon?

  • The Moon's rotation on its axis
  • The Moon's distance from the Earth
  • The Sun’s light reflected on the Moon's surface (correct)
  • The Earth’s atmosphere

    • A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon partially enters the Earth's shadow.

    False

    How long does it take for the Moon to rotate on its axis?

    27.3 days

    The large round pits on the Moon's surface are called __________.

    <p>craters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tides occur on the sides of the Earth closest to the Moon?

    <p>High tides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the features of the Moon with their descriptions:

    <p>Maria = Dark, flat areas mistaken for seas Craters = Large round pits on the Moon's surface Highlands = Light colored mountainous regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of the Moon?

    <p>3,476 kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Moon revolves around the Earth in the same time it takes to complete one rotation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason a spacecraft cannot fly through Saturn?

    <p>The extreme temperatures and pressures would destroy it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saturn has a true solid surface that can be landed on.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color is Neptune primarily known for?

    <p>bright blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saturn is named after the Roman god of __________.

    <p>agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of Saturn's moons is noted for having internal oceans that could possibly support life?

    <p>Enceladus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following planets with their distinguishing characteristics:

    <p>Saturn = Hazy yellow-brown color with bands and spots Jupiter = Brilliant cloud bands of various colors Neptune = Bright blue caused by methane Earth = Solid surface that supports life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Earths could fit into Saturn?

    <p>764</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jupiter has a solid surface suitable for landing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law?

    <p>A theory provides an explanation; a law does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gravity is the force that pushes objects away from each other.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define the term 'mass'.

    <p>Mass is the amount of matter in an object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an experiment, the variable that scientists change is called the __________.

    <p>manipulated variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of the Sun's interior with their descriptions:

    <p>Core = Innermost part where energy is generated by nuclear reactions Radiation Zone = Region of tightly packed gas where energy is transferred by electromagnetic radiation Convection Zone = Outer layer of the Sun's interior where energy moves through convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What keeps Earth and the Moon in their orbit?

    <p>Inertia and gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Earth's orbit around the sun is a perfect circle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of 'weight'?

    <p>Weight is the force of gravity on an object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a rocket?

    <p>To expel gas in one direction to move in the opposite direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The moon has more mass than Earth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the space race?

    <p>A competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for achievements in space exploration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ is a spacecraft that can carry a crew into space and return to earth.

    <p>space shuttle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Satellite = An object that revolves around another object in space Space probe = A spacecraft that carries scientific instruments but has no crew Rover = A small robot that moves on the surface to collect data Space station = A large artificial satellite for living and research in microgravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between orbital and escape velocity?

    <p>Orbital velocity is necessary to maintain a stable orbit around Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rocky debris filled the solar system when the moon was formed.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ launched the first satellite, prompting the U.S. to accelerate its space efforts.

    <p>Soviets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Unit 0: Science

    • Science is a way to learn about the natural world, and the knowledge gained from this process.
    • Scientific inquiry involves various methods scientists use to study the natural world and develop explanations.
    • A manipulated variable is intentionally changed in an experiment, while a responding variable changes in response to the manipulated variable.
    • Scientific theories explain a wide range of observations, unlike scientific laws, which describe observed patterns but don't offer explanations.

    Unit 1: Space Systems: The Earth in the Solar System

    • Earth's Movements: Earth rotates on its axis (rotation) and revolves around the Sun (revolution) in an elliptical orbit.
    • Earth's Orbit: Earth orbits the Sun at an average distance of 149.597 million kilometers.
    • Gravity: Gravity is the force that pulls all objects toward each other, as described by Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation.
    • Newton's Law: Every object in the universe attracts every other object.

    Unit 1, Part 2: The Sun in the Solar System

    • Sun's Interior: The sun's interior is composed of the core, radiation zone, and convection zone.
    • Core: Generates energy through nuclear reactions.
    • Radiation Zone: Energy transferred through electromagnetic radiation.
    • Convection Zone: Energy transferred through loops of gas rising and falling.

    Unit 1, Part 3: The Moon

    • Moon's Motions: The moon rotates and revolves around Earth.
    • Moon's Orbit: The moon's orbit around Earth takes approximately 27.3 days.
    • Phases: The phases of the moon are caused by the changing positions of the moon, Earth, and sun, and the reflection of sunlight on the moon.
    • Eclipses: Occur when the Earth, sun, and moon align, creating either a solar or lunar eclipse.
    • Tides: The moon's gravity is the main cause of tides on Earth.

    Unit 1, Part 4: The Earth's Moon

    • Moon's Surface Features: The moon has maria (dark, flat areas), craters, and highlands (mountains).
    • Maria: Formed from ancient lava flows.
    • Craters: Formed from impacts.
    • Highlands: Older, more heavily cratered parts of the moon.
    • Comparison to Earth: The moon is smaller in size and has a different surface gravity than Earth.

    Unit 1, Part 5: Traveling into Space

    • Rocket Function: Explodes gas in one direction to move in the opposite direction.
    • Rocket Function (details): Hot gases from burning fuel propel the rocket forward.
    • Orbital vs. Escape Velocity: Orbital velocity is needed to remain in orbit, while escape velocity is necessary to escape a planet's gravitational pull.
    • Space Race: Competition between the US and the Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s to achieve space exploration milestones.
    • Satellites: Objects that orbit other celestial bodies.
    • Space Shuttles: Reusable spacecraft for space travel.
    • Space Probes: Unmanned spacecraft used to collect data about space.
    • Space Stations: Large artificial satellites that are habitable.

    Unit 1, Part 6: Exploring Our Solar System

    • Planets: Description of the surface (and color) of each planet
    • Luna/Jupiter: Gas giants with no solid surfaces.
    • Neptune: Primarily composed of methane, hydrogen, and helium gas. Named after the Roman god of the sea.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of science and the Earth's place in the solar system. This quiz covers scientific inquiry, variables in experiments, and the effects of gravity on Earth's movements and orbit. Test your understanding of how these concepts relate to the universe.

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