Science Unit 0 & 1: Space Systems
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the variable that scientists change in an experiment?

  • Independent Variable
  • Responding Variable
  • Manipulated Variable (correct)
  • Controlled Variable

    • A scientific law explains why a certain phenomenon occurs.

    False

    What are the two major movements of the Earth?

    Rotation and Revolution

    The force that pulls all objects toward each other is called ______.

    <p>gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the Sun with their descriptions:

    <p>Core = Innermost part where energy is generated by nuclear reactions Radiation Zone = Region of tightly packed gas where energy is transferred by radiation Convection Zone = Outer layer where energy is transferred by convection currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes inertia?

    <p>The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Earth’s orbit around the Sun is circular.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What keeps the Earth in orbit around the Sun?

    <p>The combination of inertia and gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color is Mars known for?

    <p>Orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saturn has a true solid surface that can be landed on.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was Mars named after the Roman god of war?

    <p>Because its reddish color was reminiscent of blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saturn is primarily composed of __________ and liquids.

    <p>gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason Saturn is not conducive to life as we know it?

    <p>Extreme pressures and temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two moons of Saturn that could possibly support life?

    <p>Enceladus and Titan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the planet with its associated color or feature:

    <p>Mars = Orange Saturn = Hazy yellow-brownish Earth = Comparable to a nickel Jupiter = Known as the king of planets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If Earth were the size of a nickel, Saturn would be comparable to a __________.

    <p>volleyball</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a rocket's engine?

    <p>To expel gas to create thrust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The moon is denser than Earth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the space race?

    <p>A competition between the United States and the Soviet Union in space exploration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A _____ is a spacecraft capable of carrying a crew into space and returning to Earth.

    <p>space shuttle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Rocket = Device that expels gas to create thrust Satellite = Object that revolves around another object in space Space Probe = Spacecraft that collects data without a crew Rover = Robot that analyzes soil and rock samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Orbital Velocity from Escape Velocity?

    <p>Orbital Velocity allows for an orbit around Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A space station is a temporary structure that can be used for short research missions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event marked the beginning of the space race?

    <p>The launch of Sputnik I by the Soviet Union in 1957.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the phases of the Moon?

    <p>Sunlight reflecting on the Moon’s surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Moon revolves around Earth once every 30 days.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of eclipses?

    <p>Solar eclipse and Lunar eclipse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Moon's surface has dark, flat areas called _____ which Galileo termed 'maria'.

    <p>maria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following features of the Moon with their descriptions:

    <p>Maria = Dark, flat areas believed to be seas Craters = Large round pits on the surface Highlands = Light-colored mountainous regions Lava flows = Formation of hardened rock 3-4 billion years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the convection zone of the Sun?

    <p>The outermost layer where hot gases rise and cooler gases sink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a total lunar eclipse, the Moon completely passes into the Earth's penumbra.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Moon is _____ kilometers in diameter.

    <p>3,476</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Unit 0: Science

    • Science is a method of learning about the natural world, and the knowledge gained through this process
    • Scientific inquiry is the many ways scientists study the natural world and use evidence to make explanations.
    • Manipulated variable is a variable changed in an experiment.
    • Responding variable is the variable that changes due to the manipulated variable.
    • Scientific theories explain a variety of observations, while scientific laws describe patterns in nature but do not explain them.

    Unit 1: Space Systems: The Earth in the Solar System

    1. Earth's Movements

    • Rotation is the Earth spinning on its axis.
    • Revolution is Earth orbiting the sun.
    • Earth's orbit is elliptical and the average distance is 149.597 million kilometers.

    2. Gravity

    • Gravity is the force that pulls objects towards each other.
    • Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation states that every object in the universe attracts every other object.

    3. The Moon

    • The moon rotates and revolves around the Earth.
    • The Moon's phases are caused by the positions of the Sun, Earth, and the Moon.
    • Eclipses occur when the Earth, Sun, and Moon align.
    • Tides are primarily caused by the Moon's gravitational pull on Earth's water.

    4. The Sun's Interior

    • The Sun's interior includes the core, radiation zone, and convection zone.
    • Nuclear reactions in the core generate energy.
    • Energy travels through the radiation zone and convection zone to the surface.
    • The sun's surface temperature is high enough for the elements to form gasses.

    5. Planets in the Solar System

    • Planets have different surface compositions and colors.
    • Some planets may have potential for life.
    • The solar system developed from debris roughly 4.5 billion years ago.

    6. Traveling into Space

    • Rocket: A device that expels gas in one direction to move in the opposite direction.
    • Orbital velocity: The speed needed for a rocket to stay in orbit around a planet.
    • Escape velocity: The speed needed for a rocket to escape the planet's gravitational pull.
    • Space race: A competition between the US and the Soviet Union to achieve space exploration milestones in the 1950s and 1960s.
    • Satellites: Objects that orbit another object in space.
    • Space probes: Spacecraft that carry scientific instruments to collect data.
    • Space shuttle: Reusable spacecraft that can carry crews and equipment into space.
    • Space station: Large artificial satellites that allow people to live and work in space.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the foundational concepts of science as a method of inquiry and the specifics of Earth's movements, gravity, and its relationship with the moon. Test your knowledge on scientific variables, theories, and laws, alongside insights into space systems. Perfect for students eager to understand the natural world and the mechanics of our solar system.

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