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Questions and Answers
Who formulated the Heliocentric Theory?
Who formulated the Heliocentric Theory?
Nicolaus Copernicus
What is the title of the work authored by Nicolaus Copernicus?
What is the title of the work authored by Nicolaus Copernicus?
De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium
Who proposed the theory of Natural Selection?
Who proposed the theory of Natural Selection?
Charles Darwin
Which theory was formulated by Ptolemy?
Which theory was formulated by Ptolemy?
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Living things must compete for resources according to Darwin's theory.
Living things must compete for resources according to Darwin's theory.
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What is the title of Charles Darwin's famous work?
What is the title of Charles Darwin's famous work?
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What are the Five Psychosexual Stages proposed by Sigmund Freud?
What are the Five Psychosexual Stages proposed by Sigmund Freud?
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Which civilization is known for the construction of tall pyramids and the Tzolkin calendar?
Which civilization is known for the construction of tall pyramids and the Tzolkin calendar?
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What does 'Olmec' mean?
What does 'Olmec' mean?
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The Inca civilization used Coca leaves to enhance hunger and pain during work.
The Inca civilization used Coca leaves to enhance hunger and pain during work.
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What was the primary purpose of human sacrifices in the Aztec civilization?
What was the primary purpose of human sacrifices in the Aztec civilization?
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The calendar of Mexico originated from the ______ civilization.
The calendar of Mexico originated from the ______ civilization.
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Study Notes
Nicolaus Copernicus
- Proposed the heliocentric theory, which states that the Sun is the center of the solar system and the planets revolve around it.
- Authored "De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium," a groundbreaking work that presented his theory.
- His theory countered Ptolemy's geocentric theory, which had been accepted for centuries.
Charles Darwin
- An English naturalist known for his theory of evolution by natural selection.
- Proposed that organisms with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits on to their offspring.
- Authored "On the Origin of Species," a book detailing his theory.
Sigmund Freud
- A neurologist and psychologist who developed psychoanalysis.
- Proposed the five psychosexual stages of development, which describe the stages of psychological and sexual development:
Oral Stage (Birth to 18 months)
- Focus on oral gratification through sucking, biting, and chewing.
- Potential for personality traits: Overly dependent, gullible, and follower.
Anal Stage (18 months to 3 years)
- Focus on anal control and bowel movements.
- Potential for personality traits: Obsessed with cleanliness, perfectionism, and control.
Phallic Stage (3 years to 6 years)
- Focus on the genitals and the Oedipal complex (boys developing sexual desires for their mother).
- Potential for personality traits: Issues with sexuality and relationships.
Latency Stage (6 years to Puberty)
- Repression of sexual feelings and social interactions with same-sex peers.
Genital Stage (Puberty onwards)
- Maturation of sexual orientation and directing sexual urges towards the opposite sex.
Mesoamerican Civilizations
- A group of ancient civilizations that flourished in Mesoamerica.
- Included the Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Inca cultures.
Olmec
- Known as the "rubber people" because they were the first to use rubber from the Castilla Elastica tree with juice from Ipomoea Alba.
- Developed an elaborate water and drainage system.
- Produced chocolate drinks.
- Practiced human sacrifice and cannibalism.
- The calendar of Mexico originated from the Olmec, with their obsession with the timing of religious rituals.
Maya
- Built tall pyramids of limestone with small temples on top.
- Grew corn, beans, squash, and cassava.
- Considered Venus their patron planet for warfare.
- Had a 260-day ritual calendar known as the Tzolkin and an 18-month, 20-day calendar called the Haab.
Aztec
- Established the city of Tenochtitlan.
- Expanded through warfare and were known for their violence.
- Practiced human sacrifices, often extracting beating hearts to appease their gods.
- Used tools made of obsidian and chert stone.
- Made drills from reed or bone.
- Utilized canoes for water transportation.
Inca
- Created Machu Picchu, one of the most well-preserved archaeological sites.
- Used moderate amounts of coca leaves to reduce hunger and pain during work.
- Mummification was an important part of their funerary rites.
- Made textiles and clothes from wool spun from dried llamas and alpacas.
- Their calendars were tied to astronomy, lunisolar cycles, equinoxes, solstices, and Venus.
- Utilized knotted strings called quipus as mnemonic devices for recording numerical data.
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Description
Explore the groundbreaking theories of Nicolaus Copernicus, Charles Darwin, and Sigmund Freud. This quiz delves into heliocentrism, natural selection, and psychoanalysis, highlighting their contributions to science and psychology. Test your knowledge on these influential thinkers and their pivotal works.
