Science, Technology, and Society (STS) Intro
18 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which factor primarily drives the direction of scientific research and technological innovation?

  • Historical preservation efforts
  • Unpredictable natural phenomena
  • Economic factors and market demand (correct)
  • The personal interests of scientists

Science operates independently of societal values and ethical considerations.

False (B)

Match the following elements with their impact on science and technology:

Government funding = Supports research through grants and policies Advocacy groups = Raise awareness on issues like data privacy and climate change Economic factors = Influence technological progress through market demands

Which of the following best exemplifies the relationship between science and technology?

<p>Science drives technological advancements through discoveries, and technology enables further scientific exploration through new instruments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary impact of Roman aqueducts was to provide water for irrigation in agriculture.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify one way the invention of the printing press revolutionized society.

<p>mass production of written material</p> Signup and view all the answers

The scientific method, popularized by Francis Bacon, emphasizes ______ and experimentation.

<p>observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following technological advancements with their primary impact:

<p>Steam Engine = Driving mechanized production and boosting productivity Incandescent Light Bulb = Revolutionizing lighting with a reliable alternative to candles and gas lamps Assembly Line = Streamlining manufacturing processes and making products more affordable Airplane = Transforming transportation and global connectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the discovery of the DNA structure by Watson and Crick influence subsequent scientific advancements?

<p>It established the foundation for advances in genetics and heredity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blockchain technology is primarily used for enhancing the processing speed of smartphones.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one impact of smartphones on society.

<p>reshaped communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the core focus of Science, Technology, and Society (STS) as an interdisciplinary field?

<p>An examination of the interactions between science, technology, and the social, cultural, political, and economic contexts that shape and are shaped by them. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epistemology is primarily concerned with the practical applications of knowledge rather than the nature and origin of knowledge itself.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide a brief definition of inductive reasoning, emphasizing its direction of logical inference.

<p>Inductive reasoning involves making a generalized conclusion based on specific observations, moving from specific instances to a general principle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

__________ reasoning involves drawing specific conclusions from general principles or premises.

<p>Deductive</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher observes that every bird species in a particular forest can fly. Using inductive reasoning, what conclusion might the researcher draw?

<p>All birds, regardless of location, can fly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning?

<p>Knowing that all squares are rectangles, and deducing that a specific shape identified as a square is also a rectangle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the reasoning type to the corresponding example:

<p>Inductive Reasoning = Observing multiple instances of a phenomenon and forming a general principle. Deductive Reasoning = Applying a general rule to a specific case to reach a conclusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Science and Technology in Society (STS)

An interdisciplinary field that studies the interaction between scientific and technological advances and society.

Role of Society in Innovation

Society's needs, values, and economy drive scientific research and technological advancements.

Economic Influence on Technology

Economic factors and market demand influence technological progress and innovation.

Cultural Acceptance of Technology

Cultural views affect how people accept new technologies, such as AI and genetic engineering.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ethics in Research

Ethical concerns and public policy guide research practices and technology use.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Interdisciplinary Subject

STS examines the interaction between science, technology, and societal contexts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Knowledge

Information and understanding gained through study and experience.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Epistemology

The study of the nature, origin, and limits of human knowledge.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inductive Reasoning

Making a generalized conclusion based on specific observations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Deductive Reasoning

Making a specific conclusion from a general principle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Example of Inductive Reasoning

Conclusion drawn from observations, e.g., all observed swans are white.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Example of Deductive Reasoning

Conclusion drawn from a general principle, e.g., all humans are mortal, Socrates is human.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Technology

Application of scientific knowledge to create tools that improve life.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The Wheel

Revolutionized transportation and trade around 4000 BCE in Mesopotamia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Printing Press

Revolutionized communication in 1440 CE by enabling mass production of written material.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Scientific Method

Systematic approach to discovery focused on observation, introduced by Francis Bacon.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Steam Engine

Transformed industries in the late 18th century by driving mechanized production.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Penicillin

First effective antibiotic discovered in 1928, transforming medicine.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Smartphones

Portable devices reshaping communication and entertainment since the 2000s.

Signup and view all the flashcards

CRISPR-Cas9

Gene-editing technology enabling precise modifications in medicine and agriculture.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Introduction to STS and Historical Development

  • Science and technology significantly shape our world, influencing communication, work, and problem-solving.
  • This module explores how science, technology, and society interact, affecting daily life and the future.

Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society (STS)

  • STS is a multifaceted field studying the effects of scientific and technological advancements on society, and how social contexts influence these advancements.
  • It analyzes the connection between scientific discoveries, new inventions, and societal changes.

Science and Technology as Interdependent Fields

  • Science systematically studies the natural world through experimentation and observation.
  • Technology applies scientific knowledge to create tools and processes improving daily life.
  • Scientific discoveries drive technological innovation, and technology further advances scientific exploration.
  • Examples include microscopes and telescopes enhancing our understanding of the universe.

Role of Society in Scientific and Technological Advancements

  • Societal needs, values, and economies drive scientific research and technological innovation.
  • Ethical considerations and public policy guide research practices.
  • Governments fund research through grants and policies.
  • Advocacy groups raise awareness about issues such as data privacy and climate change.
  • Market demand significantly influences technological progress.
  • Cultural perceptions shape acceptance of new technologies.
  • Access to technology, and digital literacy, influence community benefits.
  • Collaboration between schools, industries and governments promotes innovation.
  • International collaboration addresses global challenges like pandemics.

Ancient Civilizations and Early Technology

  • The wheel revolutionized transportation and trade.
  • Cuneiform and hieroglyphic writing enabled record-keeping and knowledge transmission.
  • Roman aqueducts improved public health.

Medieval Period and Technological Innovations (500-1500 CE)

  • Al-Khwarizmi's algebra contributed to modern mathematics.
  • Mechanical clocks were early timekeeping devices.
  • Johannes Gutenberg's printing press revolutionized communication and literacy.

Scientific Revolution (16th-18th Century)

  • Francis Bacon introduced a systematic approach based on observation and experimentation.
  • Galileo Galilei transformed astronomy challenging existing models of the universe.
  • Isaac Newton laid the foundation for classical physics.

The Industrial Revolution (19th Century)

  • The steam engine transformed industries and increased productivity.
  • Incandescent light bulbs revolutionized lighting.
  • The assembly line streamlined manufacturing.

20th-Century Technological Advancements

  • The Wright brothers pioneered powered flight.
  • Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, a revolutionary antibiotic.
  • Watson and Crick discovered the DNA structure advancing genetics.

21st-Century Innovations

  • Smartphones combined many functions in a single device.
  • Blockchain technology introduced decentralized systems.
  • CRISPR-Cas9 and gene-editing enabled precise genetic modifications.

Philosophy of Science

  • Key concepts include knowledge, information, and experience, and epistemology.

Reasoning in Science

  • Inductive reasoning involves drawing general conclusions from specific observations.
  • Deductive reasoning involves deriving a specific conclusion from given general principles.

Key Theories in the Philosophy of Science

  • The problem of induction (Hume) highlights the limitations of assuming future events will mirror past experiences.
  • Hypothetico-deductive method (Hempel) stresses scientific conclusions based on rigorous experimentation.
  • Bayesian confirmation theory (Bayes) quantifies the likelihood of a hypothesis being true.
  • Falsificationism (Popper) emphasizes the falsifiability of scientific hypotheses.
  • Epistemological anarchism (Feyerabend) questions the existence of a single scientific method.
  • Testing frameworks (Earman) examine various models of verification.

Scientific Realism vs. Anti-Realism

  • Scientific realism argues that scientific theories and laws accurately reflect reality.
  • In contrast, anti-realism suggests that scientific theories might not always define reality accurately.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Introduction to STS and Historical Development PDF

Description

Explore the dynamic interplay between science, technology, and society. This introduction examines how scientific and technological advancements impact society, and how social contexts shape these advancements. Understand the effects on daily life and the future.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser