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Questions and Answers
Who published the first 2 laws of planetary motion in 1609?
Which scientist was known for discovering "Tycho Star" and proposing the Geo-Heliocentric theory?
Who constructed the first powerful single-lens microscope and made extensive biological observations?
Who invented the mercury barometer?
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Which scientist is known for outlining a new system of logic based on reduction in the book 'Novum Organum'?
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Who is credited with introducing the term 'Scientific Revolution'?
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Who developed a vaccine for rabies and disproved spontaneous generation theory?
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Who proposed natural selection as an explanation of evolution?
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Who developed the Mendelian Principles of Heredity using pea plants?
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What important scientific discovery during the Industrial Revolution profited from new methods like penicillin and insulin?
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Who introduced the microscope that paved the way for the establishment of the cell theory?
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Which scientist succeeded in perfecting the steam engine in 1778 incorporating radical improvements?
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Which ancient civilization is known as the 'rubber people'?
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Where did the Olmecs construct permanent city-temple complexes?
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What was the principal architectural structure found in the La Venta ruins?
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What evidence shows that the Olmecs practiced human sacrifice and cannibalism?
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Which materials did the Olmecs cultivate?
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In which present-day states did the Olmec civilization thrive?
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Who is regarded as the 'inventor of the computer'?
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Who is often referred to as the 'Father of Computers'?
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In what year did Willis Carrier invent the first modern air-conditioner?
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What was Nikola Tesla's contribution related to computers?
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Which technology uses a powerful magnetic field and a computer to produce detailed pictures of internal body structures?
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Where did attempts to control indoor temperatures using cool water circulating through walls begin?
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Who is credited with inventing the first actual fiber optical table in 1952?
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Which notable invention from the 20th century involves using cell-free fetal DNA testing?
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What did Alexander Graham Bell create in 1880 that was considered a precursor to fiber-optic communications?
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Which physicist invented the first actual fiber optical table based on experiments by John Tyndall?
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Which telecommunications use fiber-optic cables to transmit signals?
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Study Notes
Optical Fiber
- In 1880, Alexander Graham Bell created a precursor to fiber-optic communications, the Photophone.
- In 1952, Narinder Singh Kapany invented the first fiber optical table, inspired by John Tyndall's experiments.
20th Century Inventions
- Gene Therapy
- 3D Metal Printing
- Artificial Embryos
- Cell-free Fetal DNA Testing
- Cancer Nanotherapy
Pre-Columbian Times
- Olmecs constructed permanent city-temple complexes at San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan, La Venta, and Tres Zapotes.
- The principal architectural structure in La Venta ruins was the vast clay pyramid decorated with elaborate carvings.
- Olmecs cultivated cacao, rubber, and salt, and manufactured chocolate drinks.
- They used an elaborate water and drainage system.
- The Olmec civilization was the first great Mesoamerican civilization, thriving along the Southern Gulf coast of Mexico.
- The name "Olmec" means "rubber people" in Nahuatl, referring to the ancient practice of extracting latex from Castilla elastic, a rubber tree.
- Evidence shows that the Olmecs practiced human sacrifice and cannibalism.
The Scientific Revolution
- Nicolaus Copernicus published "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium" in 1543, marking the beginning of the scientific revolution.
- Tycho Brahe was known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations.
- Johannes Kepler published the first two of his three laws of planetary motion in 1609.
- Galileo Galilei invented the telescope and demonstrated that a projectile follows a parabolic path.
- Sir Francis Bacon published "Novum Organum" in 1620, outlining a new system of logic.
- René Descartes published "Discourse on the Method" in 1637, establishing the scientific method.
- Antoine van Leeuwenhoek constructed a powerful single lens microscope and made extensive observations in biology.
The Industrial Revolution
- Louis Pasteur pioneered pasteurization and proposed the germ theory of disease.
- Charles Darwin proposed natural selection as an explanation of evolution, publishing "On the Origin of Species" in 1859.
- James Watt and Matthew Boulton perfected the steam engine in 1778.
- Gregor Mendel developed the Mendelian Principles of Heredity.
Scientific Developments
- Modern medicine: new methods of treatment from penicillin, insulin, and other drugs to pacemakers and implantation of artificial or donated organs.
- Radioactive isotopes: used as tracers in complicated chemical and biochemical reactions and applied in geological dating.
- Astronomy: introduced the microscope, paving the way for the establishment of the cell theory and study of minute things.
- Computers: electronic machines that accept information, store it, process it, and return results.
- Internet: a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities.
- Air conditioning system: started in ancient Rome and was modernized by Willis Carrier in 1902.
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Description
Explore the historical timeline of science, technology, and society from Pre-Columbian times to the 20th century. Topics include advancements during the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Scientific Revolution, Industrial Revolution, and societal impacts.
