Science, Technology, and Society
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Questions and Answers

What impact did cuneiform and hieroglyphics have on ancient civilizations?

  • Revolutionized transportation and trade.
  • Enabled record-keeping and knowledge transfer. (correct)
  • Improved public health and urban infrastructure.
  • Led to the development of complex machinery.

Which of the following best describes the primary function of Roman aqueducts?

  • To serve as defensive structures against invaders.
  • To facilitate trade and transportation across the Roman Empire.
  • To generate power for mills and factories in urban areas.
  • To provide water to cities, baths, and fountains, improving public health. (correct)

How did the invention of the wheel around 4000 BCE primarily impact Mesopotamian society?

  • By improving agricultural practices through irrigation techniques.
  • By facilitating easier movement of goods and people, thus revolutionizing transportation and trade. (correct)
  • By enhancing military capabilities with the creation of chariots.
  • By enabling the construction of monumental religious structures.

Based on the information, which advancement directly contributed to the rise of urban centers by improving the population's health?

<p>Roman Aqueducts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering their functions, which of the following pairs of advancements is most closely related in enhancing communication and knowledge dissemination?

<p>Cuneiform and Hieroglyphics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Al-Khwarizmi's work significantly contribute to the field of mathematics?

<p>By establishing the groundwork for modern algebra. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary impact of Johannes Gutenberg's printing press on society?

<p>It revolutionized communication and literacy through mass production of written material. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the scientific method, as introduced by Francis Bacon, from previous approaches to understanding the natural world?

<p>Its systematic approach focused on observation and experimentation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Galileo Galilei's use of the telescope transform the field of astronomy?

<p>By making groundbreaking discoveries that challenged previous models of the universe. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What broader impact did Isaac Newton's laws of motion have on scientific understanding?

<p>They formed the foundation for classical physics and the understanding of forces and motion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which innovation directly enabled the wide dissemination of new ideas and scientific findings during the Scientific Revolution?

<p>The printing press, by facilitating the mass production of written materials. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the invention of mechanical clocks impact medieval society?

<p>By providing early timekeeping devices, especially in religious institutions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a commonality between Al-Khwarizmi’s mathematics and Isaac Newton’s laws?

<p>Both laid a fundamental groundwork for their respective fields. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario best exemplifies the interdependent relationship between science and technology?

<p>A new material is developed in the lab and then used to create more efficient solar panels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do economic factors primarily influence technological progress?

<p>Through market demand driving the creation and adoption of new technologies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the interdisciplinary field of Science, Technology, and Society (STS)?

<p>Analyzing the interaction and mutual influence between scientific advancements, technological developments, and societal factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way might cultural views impede the adoption of new technologies?

<p>Through public skepticism or resistance to technologies that conflict with established beliefs or values. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is international cooperation essential in addressing global challenges like pandemics and climate change?

<p>To pool resources, share knowledge, and coordinate efforts on a global scale. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do advocacy groups primarily contribute to the governance of scientific and technological advancements?

<p>By increasing public awareness of the ethical, social, and environmental implications of new technologies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most direct influence of materials science innovations on other industries?

<p>They create stronger, lighter, and more endurable materials. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following illustrates how society's needs influence scientific research?

<p>A technology company invests in AI research to automate customer service and increase profits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

STS (Science, Technology, and Society)

An interdisciplinary field studying the effects of scientific and technological advances on society and vice versa.

Science

The systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation.

Technology

The application of scientific knowledge to create tools and processes that improve human life.

Science and Technology Interdependence

New discoveries in one field often lead to advancements in the other.

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Societal Influence on S&T

Needs, values, and the economy influence the direction of scientific research and tech innovation.

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Ethical Concerns and Public Policy

They ensure research is conducted ethically and technologies are used responsibly.

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Government's Role in S&T

Funding research and development through grants, subsidies, and supportive policies.

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Advocacy Groups

Raise awareness and influence public opinion on issues related to science and technology.

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The Wheel

A circular device that rotates on an axle, used for transportation and trade.

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Cuneiform & Hieroglyphics

Ancient writing systems used in Mesopotamia and Egypt.

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Roman Aqueducts

Advanced structures that transported water to cities in the Roman Empire.

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When was the wheel invented?

Around 4000 BCE, it revolutionized transportation and trade by enabling easier movement of goods and people.

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When were Cuneiform and Hieroglyphics invented?

Around 3100 BCE, they enabled record-keeping and knowledge transfer, paving the way for written communication in ancient civilizations.

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Al-Khwarizmi's Algebra

A field of mathematics developed in the Islamic World.

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Mechanical Clocks

Early timekeeping devices installed in church towers.

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Gutenberg's Printing Press

Revolutionized communication through mass production of written materials.

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Scientific Method

A systematic method involving observation and experimentation for scientific discovery.

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Telescope (Galileo)

Transformed astronomy by discovering moons of Jupiter.

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Newton's Laws of Motion

Laws that form the foundation for classical physics, defining force and motion.

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Francis Bacon

Founder of the scientific method.

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Galileo Galilei

Improved the telescope, enabling observation that challenged existing models of the universe.

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Study Notes

  • Science and technology shape the world, influencing communication, work, and problem-solving.
  • The module explores how science and technology impact daily lives and futures.

Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society

  • Science, technology, and society (STS) is an interdisciplinary field.
  • STS studies how scientific and technological advances impact society.
  • STS studies how social factors influence scientific and technological developments.
  • STS examines the interaction between science, technology, and human life.
  • STS focuses on the connection between new inventions and discoveries.
  • STS focuses on how new inventions and discoveries change or are shaped by society.

Science and Technology as Interdependent Fields

  • Science is the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation.
  • Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to create life-improving tools and processes.
  • Science and technology influence each other.
  • Discoveries drive new technologies.
  • Technology enables further exploration.
  • Microscopes and telescopes enhance understanding of the universe and life.
  • Materials science innovations create stronger, lighter, and more durable materials for various industries.

The Role of Society in Scientific and Technological Advancements

  • Society's needs, values, and economy drive scientific research and technological innovation.
  • Ethical concerns and public policy guide how research is conducted and how technologies are used.
  • Government significantly funds research through grants, subsidies, and policies.
  • Advocacy groups raise awareness of issues like data privacy, climate change, and genetics.
  • Economic factors and market demand influence technological progress.
  • Cultural views affect how people accept new technologies like AI and genetic engineering.
  • Access to technology and digital literacy impact how communities benefit from advancements.
  • Collaboration between schools, industries, and governments encourages innovation.
  • International cooperation is key in tackling global challenges like pandemics and climate change.

Historical Development of Science and Technology

  • Science and technology have evolved throughout history, shaping civilizations and contributing to societal progress.
  • The development of tools, machinery, and scientific principles has led to significant transformations in human life.

Ancient Civilizations and Early Technology

  • The Wheel: c. 4000 BCE, Mesopotamia; revolutionized transportation and trade.
  • Cuneiform and Hieroglyphics: c. 3100 BCE (Mesopotamia) and Egypt; enabled record-keeping and knowledge transfer.
  • Roman Aqueducts: 27 BCE-476 CE, Roman Empire; engineered to carry water to cities, baths, and fountains.

Medieval Period and Technological Innovations (500–1500 CE)

  • Al-Khwarizmi's Algebra: c. 8th-14th century CE, Islamic World; foundation for modern algebra.
  • The Mechanical Clocks: c. 13th century CE, Europe; among the earliest timekeeping devices
  • Johannes Gutenberg's Printing Press: c. 1440 CE, Germany; revolutionized communication and literacy.

Scientific Revolution (16th–18th Century)

  • Scientific Method: 1561-1626 CE, Francis Bacon; introduced a systematic approach focused on observation, and experimentation.
  • Telescope: 1564-1642 CE, Galileo Galilei; transformed astronomy with groundbreaking discoveries like the moons of Jupiter.
  • Laws of Motion: 1643-1727 CE, Isaac Newton; laid the foundation for classical physics, influencing the understanding of forces and motion.

The Industrial Revolution (19th Century)

  • Steam Engine: c. 1765 CE, James Watt; transformed industries by driving mechanized production and boosting productivity.
  • Incandescent Light Bulb: 1879 CE, Thomas Edison; introduced a more reliable, longer-lasting alternative, revolutionizing lighting.
  • Assembly Line: c. 1901-1913 CE, Ransom Olds and Henry Ford; streamlined manufacturing processes, reducing costs, making products like cars more affordable.

20th-Century Technological Advancements

  • Airplane (The Wright Flyer): 1903 CE, Wright Brothers; pioneered powered flight, transforming transportation and global connectivity.
  • Penicillin: 1928 CE, Alexander Fleming; revolutionized medicine, saving millions from bacterial infections.
  • DNA Structure: 1953 CE, James Watson and Francis Crick; discovered the double-helix structure of DNA.

21st-Century Innovations

  • Smartphones: 2000s-Present; combines many functions in one portable device.
  • Blockchain Technology: 2000s-Present; introduced decentralized systems for secure digital transactions.
  • CRISPR-Cas9 Gene-Editing: 2012, Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier; enables precise genetic modifications in medicine and agriculture.

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Explore the interdisciplinary field of Science, Technology, and Society (STS). Learn about the impact of scientific and technological advances on society. Understand how social factors influence scientific and technological developments and their interaction with human life.

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