Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which statement best describes the interdisciplinary relationship between science, technology, and society?
Which statement best describes the interdisciplinary relationship between science, technology, and society?
- Science drives technological advancements, which unilaterally dictate societal changes.
- Society funds scientific research, which leads to technological innovations independent of ethical considerations.
- Science enhances understanding, technology applies this understanding, and society provides the context for both. (correct)
- Technology solely determines the direction of scientific inquiry, with society playing a passive role.
Studying Science, Technology, and Society (STS) enables individuals to:
Studying Science, Technology, and Society (STS) enables individuals to:
- Develop technological products without considering societal impacts.
- Participate in well-informed discussions concerning the course of science and technology and their societal roles. (correct)
- Prioritize scientific progress above ethical considerations.
- Promote specific political ideologies related to science and technology.
Why is it essential to approach the definition of science from multiple perspectives?
Why is it essential to approach the definition of science from multiple perspectives?
- To undermine the authority and objectivity of scientific findings.
- To fully grasp the complexities and diverse nature of science. (correct)
- To highlight the limitations of science as a tool for problem-solving.
- To ensure science remains inaccessible to the general public.
In what way do cultural values and social structures impact science and technology?
In what way do cultural values and social structures impact science and technology?
What is the origin of the word 'science,' and what did it originally denote?
What is the origin of the word 'science,' and what did it originally denote?
How can studying Science, Technology, and Society (STS) assist in addressing global challenges?
How can studying Science, Technology, and Society (STS) assist in addressing global challenges?
Which of the following is NOT a common perspective on science?
Which of the following is NOT a common perspective on science?
In the context of STS, what does it mean to make 'informed decisions' about the future direction of science and technology?
In the context of STS, what does it mean to make 'informed decisions' about the future direction of science and technology?
Which of the following best describes the function of the Aztec 'chinampa' method?
Which of the following best describes the function of the Aztec 'chinampa' method?
How did the Aztecs utilize canoes, given their geographical constraints?
How did the Aztecs utilize canoes, given their geographical constraints?
How did the Aztecs use aloe vera in their medicinal practices?
How did the Aztecs use aloe vera in their medicinal practices?
What is the combined length, in years, of the two cycles that comprise the Aztec calendar?
What is the combined length, in years, of the two cycles that comprise the Aztec calendar?
What is a key characteristic of Ayurvedic medicine?
What is a key characteristic of Ayurvedic medicine?
In what fields did Aryabhata make significant contributions?
In what fields did Aryabhata make significant contributions?
What concept did Brahmagupta explain regarding the physical world?
What concept did Brahmagupta explain regarding the physical world?
Which field of mathematics is often considered to have begun with Madhava of Sangamagrama?
Which field of mathematics is often considered to have begun with Madhava of Sangamagrama?
What practical skill were ancient Indians well-known for?
What practical skill were ancient Indians well-known for?
What is the Susruta-Samhita primarily about?
What is the Susruta-Samhita primarily about?
What did the people of the Indus Valley civilization try to create regarding measurement?
What did the people of the Indus Valley civilization try to create regarding measurement?
What is a defining characteristic of China, geographically and demographically?
What is a defining characteristic of China, geographically and demographically?
What characterizes the scope of Chinese scientific discoveries and technological inventions?
What characterizes the scope of Chinese scientific discoveries and technological inventions?
Which definition best describes the concept of 'society' as it is understood in the context of social studies?
Which definition best describes the concept of 'society' as it is understood in the context of social studies?
Which traditional therapy originated in ancient China?
Which traditional therapy originated in ancient China?
What did one of India's scholars theorize about the earth?
What did one of India's scholars theorize about the earth?
What is the primary distinction between science and technology?
What is the primary distinction between science and technology?
How does technology primarily contribute to scientific advancement?
How does technology primarily contribute to scientific advancement?
In what way have science and technology MOST affected communication in modern society?
In what way have science and technology MOST affected communication in modern society?
How do advancements in technology impact the economy?
How do advancements in technology impact the economy?
What is a significant way in which technology has transformed education?
What is a significant way in which technology has transformed education?
How do science and technology contribute to environmental preservation?
How do science and technology contribute to environmental preservation?
Which of the following exemplifies the intertwined relationship between science and technology?
Which of the following exemplifies the intertwined relationship between science and technology?
Considering the dynamic between science and technology, which statement accurately describes their influence on societal progress?
Considering the dynamic between science and technology, which statement accurately describes their influence on societal progress?
What is the primary role of scientific inquiry?
What is the primary role of scientific inquiry?
Why is it important to address ethical concerns related to advancements in science and technology?
Why is it important to address ethical concerns related to advancements in science and technology?
If a new technology significantly reduces carbon emissions but requires substantial government subsidies, what factors should policymakers consider?
If a new technology significantly reduces carbon emissions but requires substantial government subsidies, what factors should policymakers consider?
How might increasing access to technology affect global cultural diversity?
How might increasing access to technology affect global cultural diversity?
What is a potential challenge presented by the increasing reliance on technology in education?
What is a potential challenge presented by the increasing reliance on technology in education?
If scientific research indicates a new technology poses unforeseen environmental risks, what response would best balance innovation and responsibility?
If scientific research indicates a new technology poses unforeseen environmental risks, what response would best balance innovation and responsibility?
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between episteme and scientia according to the content?
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between episteme and scientia according to the content?
According to the Science Council's definition, what are the key components of Science?
According to the Science Council's definition, what are the key components of Science?
The classification of science into physical and social sciences highlights what key aspect of scientific inquiry?
The classification of science into physical and social sciences highlights what key aspect of scientific inquiry?
What distinguishes the modern recognition of science as a distinct discipline from its existence in antiquity?
What distinguishes the modern recognition of science as a distinct discipline from its existence in antiquity?
Which of the following best captures the multifaceted nature of science according to the text?
Which of the following best captures the multifaceted nature of science according to the text?
What is the significance of understanding the etymology of the word 'technology'?
What is the significance of understanding the etymology of the word 'technology'?
How does the text differentiate between science and technology?
How does the text differentiate between science and technology?
Which of the following philosophical viewpoints on technology does the following statement align with: 'Technological advancements are determined by society's needs.'
Which of the following philosophical viewpoints on technology does the following statement align with: 'Technological advancements are determined by society's needs.'
According to Kipnis (1991), how can technological changes affect people?
According to Kipnis (1991), how can technological changes affect people?
What is the origin of the word 'society' and what was its original meaning?
What is the origin of the word 'society' and what was its original meaning?
How have different academic disciplines influenced the definition of 'society'?
How have different academic disciplines influenced the definition of 'society'?
Which perspective best describes a society where technology and values develop in conjunction, influencing one another?
Which perspective best describes a society where technology and values develop in conjunction, influencing one another?
What is the most accurate view of why diverse definitions of technology are essential?
What is the most accurate view of why diverse definitions of technology are essential?
The statement "technology determines the course of society" most closely aligns with which viewpoint?
The statement "technology determines the course of society" most closely aligns with which viewpoint?
How does the text portray the role of Science in relation to technology?
How does the text portray the role of Science in relation to technology?
Alhazen's work, particularly his experiments with light, significantly contributed to the development of which technologies?
Alhazen's work, particularly his experiments with light, significantly contributed to the development of which technologies?
Al-Khwarizmi is credited with popularizing the use of Hindu-Arabic numerals. What impact did this have on mathematics and science?
Al-Khwarizmi is credited with popularizing the use of Hindu-Arabic numerals. What impact did this have on mathematics and science?
Ibn Sina's The Canon of Medicine is significant for what reason?
Ibn Sina's The Canon of Medicine is significant for what reason?
Which contribution by Al-Zahrawi had the most lasting influence on medical practice?
Which contribution by Al-Zahrawi had the most lasting influence on medical practice?
What advancement in trigonometry is attributed to Al-Battani?
What advancement in trigonometry is attributed to Al-Battani?
Which event is widely considered to mark the end of the Islamic Golden Age?
Which event is widely considered to mark the end of the Islamic Golden Age?
In addition to military campaigns, what other factor contributed to the decline of innovation during the Islamic Golden Age?
In addition to military campaigns, what other factor contributed to the decline of innovation during the Islamic Golden Age?
How has the end of colonialism influenced scientific progress in Africa?
How has the end of colonialism influenced scientific progress in Africa?
What evidence suggests that ancient Egyptians possessed advanced mathematical knowledge?
What evidence suggests that ancient Egyptians possessed advanced mathematical knowledge?
How did the Yoruba counting system differ from the decimal system?
How did the Yoruba counting system differ from the decimal system?
What is the significance of the Lebombo Bone?
What is the significance of the Lebombo Bone?
What aspects of astronomy did the ancient Egyptians study?
What aspects of astronomy did the ancient Egyptians study?
How did Al-Khwarizmi's work influence the field of mathematics?
How did Al-Khwarizmi's work influence the field of mathematics?
What was the primary purpose of Al-Zahrawi's Kitab al-Tasrif?
What was the primary purpose of Al-Zahrawi's Kitab al-Tasrif?
How did Al-Battani improve astronomical measurements?
How did Al-Battani improve astronomical measurements?
What was a primary challenge faced by scientists during the Scientific Revolution?
What was a primary challenge faced by scientists during the Scientific Revolution?
How did the Scientific Revolution influence education?
How did the Scientific Revolution influence education?
What key shift in thinking did the Scientific Revolution promote?
What key shift in thinking did the Scientific Revolution promote?
What is meant by referring to intellectual revolutions as 'paradigm shifts'?
What is meant by referring to intellectual revolutions as 'paradigm shifts'?
Why was Copernicus hesitant to publish his heliocentric theory?
Why was Copernicus hesitant to publish his heliocentric theory?
What was the significance of Georg Rheticus in the Copernican Revolution?
What was the significance of Georg Rheticus in the Copernican Revolution?
What is the central idea of Copernicus's 'On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres'?
What is the central idea of Copernicus's 'On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres'?
How did Copernicus explain the apparent movement of stars in his heliocentric model?
How did Copernicus explain the apparent movement of stars in his heliocentric model?
What contribution to astronomy is Nicolaus Copernicus most known for?
What contribution to astronomy is Nicolaus Copernicus most known for?
What was the primary focus of Copernicus's 'Little Commentary'?
What was the primary focus of Copernicus's 'Little Commentary'?
According to Copernicus, what is at the center of all celestial orbits?
According to Copernicus, what is at the center of all celestial orbits?
What prevented Copernicus from publishing his complete work for many years?
What prevented Copernicus from publishing his complete work for many years?
What concept did Copernicus introduce in 'On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres'?
What concept did Copernicus introduce in 'On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres'?
How did the Scientific Revolution impact the relationship between science and religion?
How did the Scientific Revolution impact the relationship between science and religion?
Which of the following statements best characterizes the role of creativity and critical thinking during the Scientific Revolution?
Which of the following statements best characterizes the role of creativity and critical thinking during the Scientific Revolution?
What evidence supports the claim that ancient African societies possessed advanced knowledge of astronomy?
What evidence supports the claim that ancient African societies possessed advanced knowledge of astronomy?
How did metalworking techniques in ancient Africa compare to those in Europe during the same period?
How did metalworking techniques in ancient Africa compare to those in Europe during the same period?
What distinguishes the engineering and architectural achievements of Great Zimbabwe from those of ancient Egypt?
What distinguishes the engineering and architectural achievements of Great Zimbabwe from those of ancient Egypt?
How did ancient African medical practices compare to those in Europe before European contact with Africa?
How did ancient African medical practices compare to those in Europe before European contact with Africa?
What role did curiosity, critical thinking, and creativity play in the scientific revolution?
What role did curiosity, critical thinking, and creativity play in the scientific revolution?
How did the scientific revolution transform the understanding and practice of science?
How did the scientific revolution transform the understanding and practice of science?
What motivated scientists during the scientific revolution, according to the text?
What motivated scientists during the scientific revolution, according to the text?
What impact did studying the challenges and obstacles faced by scientists have on understanding the scientific revolution?
What impact did studying the challenges and obstacles faced by scientists have on understanding the scientific revolution?
How did intellectual revolutions, emerging from the interaction of science, technology and society, alter the understanding and approach to modern science?
How did intellectual revolutions, emerging from the interaction of science, technology and society, alter the understanding and approach to modern science?
Considering the Dogon people's knowledge of astronomical phenomena, what conclusion can be drawn about their civilization?
Considering the Dogon people's knowledge of astronomical phenomena, what conclusion can be drawn about their civilization?
How might the study of ancient African technologies influence modern approaches to sustainable development?
How might the study of ancient African technologies influence modern approaches to sustainable development?
What can be inferred about the relationship between scientific advancement and societal development, based on discoveries from ancient Africa?
What can be inferred about the relationship between scientific advancement and societal development, based on discoveries from ancient Africa?
How does the narrative surrounding the Dogon people's astronomical knowledge illustrate challenges in acknowledging non-European contributions to science?
How does the narrative surrounding the Dogon people's astronomical knowledge illustrate challenges in acknowledging non-European contributions to science?
In what ways did architectural achievements, like those of Great Zimbabwe and ancient Egypt, influence subsequent societies?
In what ways did architectural achievements, like those of Great Zimbabwe and ancient Egypt, influence subsequent societies?
How did the scientific revolution emphasize a shift from traditional to modern scientific thought?
How did the scientific revolution emphasize a shift from traditional to modern scientific thought?
How did the work of Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler contribute to the acceptance of the heliocentric model?
How did the work of Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler contribute to the acceptance of the heliocentric model?
What was the primary contribution of Galileo Galilei to the widespread acceptance of the heliocentric model?
What was the primary contribution of Galileo Galilei to the widespread acceptance of the heliocentric model?
What initial observations led Charles Darwin to question the prevailing understanding of species origins during his voyage on the HMS Beagle?
What initial observations led Charles Darwin to question the prevailing understanding of species origins during his voyage on the HMS Beagle?
What is the core concept of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?
What is the core concept of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?
How does the theory of evolution by natural selection challenge the traditional understanding of species origins?
How does the theory of evolution by natural selection challenge the traditional understanding of species origins?
What is the significance of Charles Darwin's book, 'On the Origin of Species'?
What is the significance of Charles Darwin's book, 'On the Origin of Species'?
In the context of evolutionary theory, what does 'fitness' refer to?
In the context of evolutionary theory, what does 'fitness' refer to?
What common misconception regarding Darwin's theory is perpetuated by the 'March of Progress' illustration?
What common misconception regarding Darwin's theory is perpetuated by the 'March of Progress' illustration?
What role did Alfred Russel Wallace play in the publication of Darwin's 'On the Origin of Species'?
What role did Alfred Russel Wallace play in the publication of Darwin's 'On the Origin of Species'?
What distinguishes the Copernican Revolution from the Darwinian Revolution in terms of their impact on humanity's understanding of its place in the universe?
What distinguishes the Copernican Revolution from the Darwinian Revolution in terms of their impact on humanity's understanding of its place in the universe?
Which of the following statements best describes how Charles Darwin's initial medical education influenced his later work in natural history?
Which of the following statements best describes how Charles Darwin's initial medical education influenced his later work in natural history?
How did the development of 'high-tech tools' by Tycho Brahe influence the progression of astronomy during the Copernican Revolution?
How did the development of 'high-tech tools' by Tycho Brahe influence the progression of astronomy during the Copernican Revolution?
In what way did Darwin's book 'The Descent of Man' extend the ideas presented in 'On the Origin of Species'?
In what way did Darwin's book 'The Descent of Man' extend the ideas presented in 'On the Origin of Species'?
Based on the information given, what evidence would best demonstrate the predictive power of a scientific theory, such as the Copernican model?
Based on the information given, what evidence would best demonstrate the predictive power of a scientific theory, such as the Copernican model?
What was the general public perception around Darwin's 'The Descent of Man' when released?
What was the general public perception around Darwin's 'The Descent of Man' when released?
What was the Linnean Society's role in the Darwinian Revolution?
What was the Linnean Society's role in the Darwinian Revolution?
How did Darwin view the role of a 'Creator' in the context of evolution, according to some modern writers?
How did Darwin view the role of a 'Creator' in the context of evolution, according to some modern writers?
How did Freud's upbringing and early interests influence his later work in psychoanalysis?
How did Freud's upbringing and early interests influence his later work in psychoanalysis?
What is the primary goal of psychoanalysis therapy in addressing psychological problems?
What is the primary goal of psychoanalysis therapy in addressing psychological problems?
According to Freud's model of the mind, what is the role of defense mechanisms?
According to Freud's model of the mind, what is the role of defense mechanisms?
How might fixation in one of Freud's psychosexual stages manifest in adulthood?
How might fixation in one of Freud's psychosexual stages manifest in adulthood?
How did Freud's Psychoanalysis Theory influence fields beyond psychology and psychiatry?
How did Freud's Psychoanalysis Theory influence fields beyond psychology and psychiatry?
What is one of the main criticisms of Freud's Psychoanalysis Theory?
What is one of the main criticisms of Freud's Psychoanalysis Theory?
Which of the following best represents the legacy of Freud's work in contemporary psychology?
Which of the following best represents the legacy of Freud's work in contemporary psychology?
How would you characterize the relationship between Darwin's and Wallace's contributions to the theory of evolution?
How would you characterize the relationship between Darwin's and Wallace's contributions to the theory of evolution?
Freud proposed that the mind is divided into conscious, preconscious, and unconscious regions. How do these areas interact, according to his theory?
Freud proposed that the mind is divided into conscious, preconscious, and unconscious regions. How do these areas interact, according to his theory?
In what way did Freud's focus on human nature influence his impact on the fields of art and literature?
In what way did Freud's focus on human nature influence his impact on the fields of art and literature?
Imagine a patient in psychoanalysis frequently uses the defense mechanism of 'projection.' How would a therapist likely interpret this behavior?
Imagine a patient in psychoanalysis frequently uses the defense mechanism of 'projection.' How would a therapist likely interpret this behavior?
How did the timing of Freud's intellectual contributions relative to the scientific revolution influence their reception and impact?
How did the timing of Freud's intellectual contributions relative to the scientific revolution influence their reception and impact?
How did Freud's psychoanalytic theory challenge existing perspectives on mental health and treatment?
How did Freud's psychoanalytic theory challenge existing perspectives on mental health and treatment?
Which of the following best describes the initial use of the compass in ancient China?
Which of the following best describes the initial use of the compass in ancient China?
How did the Mayan civilization primarily utilize their advanced understanding of astronomy?
How did the Mayan civilization primarily utilize their advanced understanding of astronomy?
Which factor is most crucial to understanding the evolution of science and technology across different societies?
Which factor is most crucial to understanding the evolution of science and technology across different societies?
Cai Lun's contribution to papermaking is best characterized as:
Cai Lun's contribution to papermaking is best characterized as:
Why is the study of historical antecedents important in the field of science and technology?
Why is the study of historical antecedents important in the field of science and technology?
The passage suggests that the most significant difference between the Chinese and European use of gunpowder was that:
The passage suggests that the most significant difference between the Chinese and European use of gunpowder was that:
Bi Sheng's innovation in printing primarily addressed which limitation of woodblock printing?
Bi Sheng's innovation in printing primarily addressed which limitation of woodblock printing?
What does the term 'Mesoamerica' generally refer to?
What does the term 'Mesoamerica' generally refer to?
How did the transition from the Preclassic to the Classic Period affect Mayan society?
How did the transition from the Preclassic to the Classic Period affect Mayan society?
The introduction of paper money in China during the Song Dynasty was primarily intended to:
The introduction of paper money in China during the Song Dynasty was primarily intended to:
What is a key characteristic of Mayan scientific and technological advancements?
What is a key characteristic of Mayan scientific and technological advancements?
What makes the Chinese paper umbrella unique compared to umbrellas in other Asian countries?
What makes the Chinese paper umbrella unique compared to umbrellas in other Asian countries?
The significance of Yi Xing's clock lies primarily in the fact that it was:
The significance of Yi Xing's clock lies primarily in the fact that it was:
How can studying the scientific contributions of past civilizations, such as the Mayans, influence modern scientific research?
How can studying the scientific contributions of past civilizations, such as the Mayans, influence modern scientific research?
Zhang Heng's seismograph was most notably used for:
Zhang Heng's seismograph was most notably used for:
What does the term 'historical antecedent' refer to in the context of science and technology?
What does the term 'historical antecedent' refer to in the context of science and technology?
Why is it important to understand the cultural context when studying the history of science and technology?
Why is it important to understand the cultural context when studying the history of science and technology?
The toothbrush, as invented in China, initially utilized what kind of material for its bristles?
The toothbrush, as invented in China, initially utilized what kind of material for its bristles?
What distinguishes the Mayan civilization from other cultures in Mesoamerica?
What distinguishes the Mayan civilization from other cultures in Mesoamerica?
What role did religious freedom play during the Islamic Golden Age?
What role did religious freedom play during the Islamic Golden Age?
Al-Razi's contributions to the field of chemistry include:
Al-Razi's contributions to the field of chemistry include:
How does knowledge of the historical antecedents of the Industrial Revolution enhance our understanding of modern society?
How does knowledge of the historical antecedents of the Industrial Revolution enhance our understanding of modern society?
Which civilization is credited with the concept of a 'universal civilization,' fostering collaboration among diverse cultures and races?
Which civilization is credited with the concept of a 'universal civilization,' fostering collaboration among diverse cultures and races?
What does the Mayan's use of astrology to determine planting and harvesting schedules indicate about their society?
What does the Mayan's use of astrology to determine planting and harvesting schedules indicate about their society?
How did the use of exchange certificates during the Song Dynasty contribute to the development of paper money?
How did the use of exchange certificates during the Song Dynasty contribute to the development of paper money?
What conclusion can be drawn from the fact that many major Mayan cities were abandoned after 900 CE?
What conclusion can be drawn from the fact that many major Mayan cities were abandoned after 900 CE?
If a modern-day agricultural scientist were to study Mayan farming techniques, what might they hope to learn?
If a modern-day agricultural scientist were to study Mayan farming techniques, what might they hope to learn?
What characteristic of movable type printing facilitated the emergence of the Renaissance in Europe according to cited references?
What characteristic of movable type printing facilitated the emergence of the Renaissance in Europe according to cited references?
How does understanding the historical antecedents of scientific discoveries and technological innovations impact our decision-making in daily life?
How does understanding the historical antecedents of scientific discoveries and technological innovations impact our decision-making in daily life?
Acupuncture is believed to work by:
Acupuncture is believed to work by:
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Tzolkin and Haab calendars used by the Mayan civilization?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Tzolkin and Haab calendars used by the Mayan civilization?
Which of the following is an accurate comparison between Mayan hieroglyphs and the Inca quipu system?
Which of the following is an accurate comparison between Mayan hieroglyphs and the Inca quipu system?
How did Inca road systems primarily contribute to the administration and control of their empire?
How did Inca road systems primarily contribute to the administration and control of their empire?
What was the main purpose of the Inca's freeze-drying method for food preservation?
What was the main purpose of the Inca's freeze-drying method for food preservation?
Which of the following describes a key difference between Inca and Aztec approaches to education?
Which of the following describes a key difference between Inca and Aztec approaches to education?
How did the Aztecs utilize their knowledge of passionflower in a medicinal context?
How did the Aztecs utilize their knowledge of passionflower in a medicinal context?
Which statement correctly identifies a contrast between Aztec and Inca architectural techniques?
Which statement correctly identifies a contrast between Aztec and Inca architectural techniques?
What was the significance of cacao beans in Aztec society?
What was the significance of cacao beans in Aztec society?
In what way did the Inca civilization demonstrate innovation in agricultural practices?
In what way did the Inca civilization demonstrate innovation in agricultural practices?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of mandatory education in Aztec society?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of mandatory education in Aztec society?
How did the Aztecs apply agave sap in their medicinal practices?
How did the Aztecs apply agave sap in their medicinal practices?
What was the primary function of quipu within the Inca civilization?
What was the primary function of quipu within the Inca civilization?
Consider the technologies of the Inca; what was the significance of building suspension bridges?
Consider the technologies of the Inca; what was the significance of building suspension bridges?
What role did music, particularly panpipes, play in Inca society?
What role did music, particularly panpipes, play in Inca society?
Which of the following statements accurately contrasts the use of calendars between the Inca and Aztec civilizations?
Which of the following statements accurately contrasts the use of calendars between the Inca and Aztec civilizations?
Flashcards
Science, Technology, and Society (STS)
Science, Technology, and Society (STS)
The study of how science, technology, and society influence each other.
Advancement of Science and Technology
Advancement of Science and Technology
The quick progress of science and technology that has a big effect on society.
Science, Technology, and Society Relationship
Science, Technology, and Society Relationship
Science gives knowledge; technology applies it; society provides the context.
Social Shaping of Science and Technology
Social Shaping of Science and Technology
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Science and Technology for Global Challenges
Science and Technology for Global Challenges
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Science (General Definition)
Science (General Definition)
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Systematic Science
Systematic Science
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Origin of the Word 'Science'
Origin of the Word 'Science'
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Society
Society
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Science
Science
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Technology
Technology
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Relationship between Science and Technology
Relationship between Science and Technology
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Science and Technology in Healthcare
Science and Technology in Healthcare
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Science and Technology in Communication
Science and Technology in Communication
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Science and Technology in Economy
Science and Technology in Economy
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Science and Technology in Education
Science and Technology in Education
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Science and Technology in the Environment
Science and Technology in the Environment
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Society
Society
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Medical Advancements
Medical Advancements
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Communication transformation
Communication transformation
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Modern economy transformation
Modern economy transformation
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Learning efficiently
Learning efficiently
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Climate change
Climate change
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Context of Science and Technology
Context of Science and Technology
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Historical Antecedent
Historical Antecedent
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Importance of Studying Historical Antecedents
Importance of Studying Historical Antecedents
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Meaning of 'Meso'
Meaning of 'Meso'
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Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica
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The Maya People
The Maya People
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Mayan Classic Period
Mayan Classic Period
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Mayan Astronomy
Mayan Astronomy
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Mayan Eclipse Prediction
Mayan Eclipse Prediction
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Mayan Agricultural Astrology
Mayan Agricultural Astrology
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Hierarchical Society
Hierarchical Society
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Examining historical antecedents to development of science and tech
Examining historical antecedents to development of science and tech
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Knowledge of Past Events
Knowledge of Past Events
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Paul Kirchkoff
Paul Kirchkoff
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Linking astrology to Mayan's Farming and agriculture techniques
Linking astrology to Mayan's Farming and agriculture techniques
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Scientia (Latin)
Scientia (Latin)
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Science Definition
Science Definition
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Science Council Definition
Science Council Definition
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Physical Sciences
Physical Sciences
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Social Sciences
Social Sciences
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Science (British Science Council)
Science (British Science Council)
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Technology (Definition)
Technology (Definition)
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Techne
Techne
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Logos
Logos
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Science Focus
Science Focus
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Technology Focus
Technology Focus
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Technology Perspective
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Society Etymology
Society Etymology
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Society Definition
Society Definition
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Modern Society
Modern Society
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Tzolkin Calendar
Tzolkin Calendar
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Haab Calendar
Haab Calendar
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Quipu
Quipu
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Inca Road System
Inca Road System
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Earthquake-resistant Structures
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Suspension Bridges
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Passionflower
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Inca 12 Month Calendar
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Ayurveda
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Susruta-Samhita
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Indian Cosmology Concepts
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Mohenjo-Daro Ruler
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Aryabhata's Contributions
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Brahmagupta's Discoveries
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Madhava's Mathematical Analysis
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Acupuncture
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Indian Metallurgy
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Ancient Indian Cosmology
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Brahmagupta's numeral System
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Ibn al-Haytham
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Al-Haytham's Pinhole Camera
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Al-Khwarizmi
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Origin of 'Algebra'
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Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
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The Canon of Medicine
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Al-Zahrawi
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Kitab al-Tasrif
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Al-Zahrawi's Medical Discoveries
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Al-Battani
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Al-Battani's Trigonometry Contributions
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Al-Battani's Year Calculation
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Hulagu Khan
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African Mathematical Origins
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Egyptian Math
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Egyptian Calendar
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African Stonehenge
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Dogon People
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African Metallurgy
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Tanzanian Furnaces
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Great Zimbabwe Wall
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Timbuktu
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African Herbal Medicine
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Ancient African Surgery
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Scientific Revolution
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Qualities of Scientists
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Outcomes of Scientific Revolution
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Science methodology during the revolution
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Science and Technology's impact on society
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Compass (Chinese Origin)
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Cai Lun & Papermaking
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Gunpowder Origin
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Movable Type Printing (Bi Sheng)
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Paper Money (Chinese Origin)
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Umbrella (Chinese Invention)
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Water-Driven Clock (Yi Xing)
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Su Song's Cosmic Empire Clock
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Earthquake Detector (Zhang Heng)
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Toothbrush (Chinese Invention)
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Islamic Golden Age
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Al-Razi's Contributions
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Al-Razi's Chemical Discoveries
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Kitab al-Mansouri
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Empirical Thinking
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Science in Education
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Innovations of the Scientific Revolution
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Paradigm Shifts
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Heliocentric Theory
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Nicolaus Copernicus
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Little Commentary
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Multiple Centers
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Earth's Position
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Solar Orbits
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On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres
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Modern Solar System Concept
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Speed of Stars
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Georg Rheticus
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Linnean Society
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On the Origin of Species
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Sigmund Freud
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Psychoanalysis
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Unconscious
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Levels of Consciousness
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Components of personality
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Id
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Ego
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The March of Progress
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Study Notes
- The interdisciplinary study of Science, Technology, and Society (STS) examines their complex and dynamic interactions and mutual influence.
- STS is essential for understanding how cultural values, political systems, and social structures shape scientific and technological advancements.
- STS helps evaluate the ethical and social implications of new technologies.
- STS is important for addressing global challenges through science and technology.
Science
- Science is a multifaceted field encompassing various disciplines, methods, and perspectives.
- Definition of Science: a systematic method of gaining knowledge about the natural world, a historical and cultural institution, or a practical tool for problem resolution.
- Science stems from the Latin word "scientia," denoting knowledge, expertise, or experience.
- The British Science Council defines science as learning and understanding the natural and social worlds using a methodical approach based on evidence
- Science includes both physical sciences (astronomy, physics, chemistry, Earth sciences) and social sciences.
- Science, as a distinct discipline with defined procedures for data collection, emerged in the 17th century.
Technology
- Technology is derived from the Greek words "techne" (art, craft) and "logos" (word, expression).
- Technology is the application of knowledge to practical goals, modifying the human environment.
- Technology utilizes materials, tools, processes, and power sources to improve life and productivity.
- Philosophical viewpoints on technology: self-governing force, human creation, or co-evolutionary influence on society.
- Technology impacts people's ability to express competence, interact, be active, and exert influence.
Society
- Society is derived from the Latin "societas," meaning "company, association."
- Society is defined as a group of people who regularly interact or a large social group sharing a common geographic or social territory and are often subject to similar political authority.
- Society can refer to a group united by common interests, beliefs, or occupations.
- A society is people living in a distinct community and sharing a culture.
- Society influences many parts of our lives, such as where we grow up, how we are affected, who we meet, what we do, and how we experience life.
Science, Technology, and Society
- Science helps us gain wisdom and learning using the procedure of experimentation, observation, and evidence gathering
- Science is the process by which humans observe and experiment to gain knowledge of the world.
- Technology is the invention, modification, or use of the natural environment to fulfill human needs.
- Science provides the foundation for technological development, while technology applies scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
- Science is knowledge for its own sake; technology aims to solve problems or improve solutions.
- Science and technology are intertwined, with each field influencing the other.
- Technology provides the tools and methods for scientific research.
- Science and Technology's Impact on Society:
- Healthcare advancements through medical science and technology.
- Improved communication via the Internet, social media, and mobile devices.
- Economic growth driven by new industries and jobs in fields from biotechnology to the digital economy.
- Enhanced education through the Internet, online courses, and digital resources.
- Potential to mitigate climate change via technologies and a deeper understanding of complex systems.
Development of Science and Technology in Mesoamerica
- Mesoamerica includes diverse cultures in present-day Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.
- Mesoamerica most commonly refers to Mexico and Central America.
Mayan Civilization
- Mayan civilization existed since at least 2000 BCE in southern Mexico, Guatemala, and northern Belize.
- Preclassic Period: Transition from nomadic farmers to hierarchical society. Great cities emerged, e.g. Chichen Itza and Uxmal.
- Classic Period (250–900 CE): Peak of Mayan culture wuth significant cultural advances.
- Scientific Achievements and Technologies
- Astronomy: Used in temples and religious buildings for stargazing.
- Eclipse prediction and use of astrology for agriculture.
- Accurate time measurement using two calendars: Tzolkin (260 days) and Haab (365 days).
- Sophisticated hydraulic systems and weaving looms.
- Mica used for glittery paints, rubber production, and hieroglyphic writing.
- Advanced numeral system with the concept of zero.
Incan Civilization
- Inca Empire (1400-1533 CE) covered western South America, the largest empire in the Americas.
- Inca's Technologies and Discoveries
- Vast road networks for communication, troop movement, and trade.
- Earthquake-resistant stone structures.
- Quipu: a system of knotted strings for data recording.
- 12-month calendar for religious festivals and agriculture.
- Irrigation systems and water storage for crop cultivation.
- Inca textiles, coca leaf as medicine, and aqueducts for water supply.
- Suspension bridges, wind and percussion instruments, and freeze-drying food storage.
Aztec Civilization
- The Aztec Empire (1345–1521) in central and southern Mexico was known for farming, trade, art, and architecture.
- The faith and gods of the Aztecs were fundamental to their way of life.
- Aztec Technologies and Discoveries
- Mandatory education for all children, including enslaved and girls.
- Chocolate was highly valued, considered a gift from the gods.
- Antispasmodic medication from passionflower.
- Agave sap as an antibiotic for wound treatment.
- Aloe vera for skin problems and wound healing.
- Chinampa farming technique on lake beds.
- Aztec calendar with a 365-day cycle (xiuhphualli) and a 260-day cycle (tonalpohualli).
- Dugout canoes for transportation in the Valley of Mexico.
Development of Science and Technology in Asia
- China and India are ancient civilizations with valuable contributions to science and technology
- Ancient texts showed a long history of scholarly inquiry and new ideas.
- China: astronomy, metallurgy, and medicine with a focus on practical knowledge.
- India: emphasis on mathematics and medicine leading to scientific advancement.
India
- India occupies most of South Asia with New Delhi as its capital, and is the second most populous country in the world after China. Alata et al. (2021) list some of the most important scientific discoverie
- Achievements and Discoveries Scientific
- Expertise in metallurgy and iron production. Ayurveda: ancient holistic approach to health using natural products, diet, and exercise.
- Susruta-Samhita: a book with 184 chapters that describe 1,120 illnesses, 700 medicinal plants, 64 preparations made from minerals, and 57 preparations made from animals.
- Proposed the Earth is a sphere with 360 days equally divided into 12 parts with 30 days each.
- Standardized length measurement in the Indus Valley civilization through the Mohenjo-Daro ruler.
- Trigonomic Analysis: Trigonometric functions, tables, and algebraic techniques in Aryabhatiya by Aryabhata.
- Brahmagupta: described gravity as a force of attraction, zero as a placeholder, and the Hindu-Arabic number system.
- Madhava of Sangamagrama initiated mathematical analysis and contributed to infinite series, trigonometry, algebra, and calculus.
China
- China is the largest country in Asia, is about one-fourteenth of the land area on Earth. Scientific discoveries and technological inventions cover almost all of the sciences, from math to physics to mechanical engineering to astronomy to geophysics to botany, etc
- Achievements and Discoveries:
- Acupuncture is a traditional therapy
- Compass: Developed for navigation and Feng Shui.
- Papermaking.
- Gunpowder: Used for fireworks and later for weapons in Europe.
- Movable Type of Printing.
- Paper Money: Introduced during the Song Dynasty.
- The umbrella was first made, around 3500 years ago.
- Yi Xing's Water-driven Spherical Bird clock: the first mechanical clock.
- Seismograph by Zhang Heng: for earthquake detection.
- Toothbrush: First bristle toothbrush during the Tang Dynasty.
Development of Science and Technology in the Middle East
- Islamic Golden Age (8th-13th century): A variety of scientific discoveries.
- Features of Islamic Civilization: First "universal civilization" with people from many different cultures, religious freedom promoting the sharing of ideas and information, and freedom of speech.
- Achievements, Proponents, and Discoveries:
- Al-Razi ("doctor's doctor"): Discovered kerosene and alcohol; wrote "Kitab al-Mansouri".
- Ibn al-Haytham ("father of optics"): Explained vision, invented the pinhole camera in Kitāb al-Manāẓir, and contributed to the development of glasses, microscopes, and telescopes.
- Al-Khwarizmi ("father of algebra"): Introduced algebra and Hindu-Arabic numbers.
- Ibn Sina ("Avicenna"): Contributed to medicine with "The Canon of Medicine" and the science and philosophy encyclopedia "The Book of Healing."
- Al-Zahrawi ("father of modern surgery"): Wrote "Kitab al-Tasrif," described abnormal pregnancy and hemophilia, and invented 200+ surgical tools.
- Al-BattaniAstronomer. He determined that a year consists of 365 days, 5 hours, 46 minutes, and 24 seconds, with an impressive accuracy rate of approximately 99%.
- Decline of Islamic Innovation:
- Mongol invasions, e.g. the burning of Baghdad and the House of Wisdom in 1258 by Hulagu Khan. Crusades in the 1100s.
Development of Science and Technology in Africa
- The continent keeps drawing people worldwide, leading to some scientific breakthroughs. Also, science has been apart of life in since the colonial era. there are many opportunities for scientific expeditions, experiments, and research on the continent
- Africa is now a big area that makes a big difference in science worldwide. ([Map of Arica Continent], n.d.)
- Achievements and Discoveries:
- Mathematics: Earliest counting methods and math concepts originated, Ancient Egyptians wrote math books with formulas, and the Yoruba system required abstract thinking. The Lebombo Bone may be one used for multiplication, division, and simple math calculations.
- Astronomy: Egyptians tracked the sun, stars, and moon and developed a 365 14 day calendar and clocks, The African Stonehenge in Kenya acted as an actuate calendar, and The Dogon people's knowledge of Saturn's rings, Jupiter's moons, the spirals of the Milky Way, and the Sirius star system movement.
- Tools and Metallurgy of Ancient Africa which includes carbon steel, steam engines, copper and iron tools and weapons, metal chisels and saws, nails, glue, bronze, and art were developed. furnaces in Tanzania reached high temperatures.
- Engineering and Architecture: Egyptian feats include pyramids and obelisks; cities in Zimbabwe and Mozambique with huge stone complexes.
- Medicine: Treatments using plants with salicylic acid, kaolin, and extracts effective against bacteria; surgeries conducted under antiseptic conditions.
Intellectual Revolutions That Shaped Civilization
- Driven by curiosity, critical thinking, and creativity, scientists change the course of civilization.
- Intellectual revolutions emerged due to the interaction of science, technology, and society.
- The scientific revolution: A period of rapid scientific advancement in Europe changed how modern science was understood and approached.
The Scientific Revolution
- This impacted how scientific studies, experiments, and observations are done. It lead to new areas of scientific research and inspired the creation of strong institutions for modern science.
- Period of enlightenment led to discoveries in math, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry.
- New scientific and experimental methods emerged.
- Intellectual revolutions led to modern science and scientific thinking.
- The Scientific Revolution (16th century) transformed the view of the natural world.
- Paradigm shifts altered attitudes toward the natural world.
Copernican Revolution
- Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543): Polish astronomer and mathematician who was considered the father of modern astronomy.
- Nicolaus Copernicus was the first European scientist to say that the Earth and other planets move around the Sun
- Heliocentric theory: States the Sun is at the center, not the Earth.
- Little Commentary (1514): Explained Copernicus' heliocentric theory.
- De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium explained the present solar system concept.
Darwinian Revolution
- Charles Darwin (1809-1882): English naturalist whose scientific idea of evolution by natural selection, developed by an English naturalist, was the foundation for contemporary evolutionary studies.
- Theory of evolution by natural selection: How organisms change.
- On the Origin of Species showed how species could change or grow over time through "natural selection".
- The Descent of Man (1871): Applied evolution to humans, stating humans and primates share a "common ancestor".
Freudian Revolution
- Sigmund Freud (1856-1939): Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis.
- Psychoanalysis is a group of psychological concepts and ways of treating people. His ideas greatly affected psychology and Western culture.
- Freudian psychology helped doctors understand neurological conditions they did not know much about at the time.
- Psychoanalytic Theory:
- Ackerman explained Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory's most important ideas.
- Proposed the human mind is shaped by unconscious desires and childhood experiences. Introduced concepts such as the id, ego, superego, unconscious, repression, and the Oedipus complex, which helped to revolutionize the understanding of the human psyche.
- Paved the way for modern psychological treatments like talk therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy.
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Description
Explores the interdisciplinary relationship between science, technology, and society. Examines cultural values, social structures, and various perspectives on science. Discusses informed decision-making in STS and Aztec innovations.
