Science - Plant Structures Flashcards

Questions and Answers

How is the structure of a root adapted for its functions?

Roots anchor a plant and absorb water and minerals.

How are herbaceous stems and woody stems alike?

They both consist of phloem and xylem tissue as well as other supporting cells.

How are herbaceous stems and woody stems different?

Woody stems are strong and herbaceous stems are flexible.

How does the structure of the leaf help in photosynthesis?

Leaves capture the sun's energy and carry out food. Tops of leaves contain most chloroplasts which capture the sun's light, openings in the leaves allow CO2 to enter and oxygen to leave. Signup and view all the answers

How does dispersal affect seeds' chances of surviving?

The further away the plant is, the better the chance of survival because there is no competition for sunlight. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the structure and function of the male and female reproductive parts of a typical flower.

Male has stamen, filament, anther. Female has pistil, stigma, style, ovary. Signup and view all the answers

What is a petal?

A colorful, leaf-like structure of a flower. Signup and view all the answers

What is germination?

The process by which an embryo grows and pushes out of a seed. Signup and view all the answers

What is an embryo?

The young plant that develops from a fertilized egg. Signup and view all the answers

What is transpiration?

The process by which water evaporates from a plant's leaves. Signup and view all the answers

What is a sepal?

A leaf-like structure that protects a bud. Signup and view all the answers

What is pollination?

The transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures. Signup and view all the answers

What is a root cap?

A round tip that protects a growing root. Signup and view all the answers

Describe how angiosperms are classified according to the length of their life cycle.

Plants produce spores, then egg cells, then sperm cells. Fertilization produces a zygote, then the fertilized egg develops into a sporophyte. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during fertilization?

The seed is made. Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps in angiosperm reproduction?

Fertilization Signup and view all the answers

A fertilized egg is called a ___.

zygote Signup and view all the answers

When pollen lands on the stigma of a flower __ occurs.

pollination Signup and view all the answers

A ___ is a ripened ovary.

fruit Signup and view all the answers

The reproductive structure of a gymnosperm is the ___.

cone Signup and view all the answers

Egg cells develop inside a structure called a ___.

ovule Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Root Structure and Function

Roots anchor plants and absorb water and minerals essential for growth.
The structure includes root caps that protect growing tips.

Stem Comparisons

Both herbaceous and woody stems contain phloem, xylem tissue, and supportive cells.
Woody stems are rigid and strong, while herbaceous stems are flexible.

Leaf Structure and Photosynthesis

Leaves capture sunlight for photosynthesis, storing energy and producing food.
Chloroplasts are primarily located on the top surface of leaves to maximize light absorption.
Stomata allow the intake of CO2 and the release of oxygen.

Seed Dispersal and Survival

Greater distances from the parent plant enhance survival chances due to reduced competition for sunlight and resources.

Flower Reproductive Structures

Male reproductive parts: stamen consists of filament and anther.
Female reproductive parts: pistil consists of stigma, style, and ovary.

Key Plant Terms

Petal: Colorful leaf-like structure of a flower that attracts pollinators.
Germination: Process where an embryo pushes out of a seed, beginning its growth.
Embryo: Young plant that develops from a fertilized egg.
Transpiration: Water evaporation from plant leaves, aiding nutrient transport.
Sepal: Leaf-like structure that protects a flower bud.
Pollination: Transfer of pollen from male to female reproductive structures.

Angiosperm Life Cycle and Reproduction

Classification based on life cycle length involves the production of spores, egg cells, and sperm cells.
Fertilization results in the formation of a zygote, which develops into a sporophyte.
A fertilized egg is referred to as a zygote.
During pollination, pollen lands on the stigma.

Additional Reproductive Structures

A ripened ovary is known as fruit.
Gymnosperms reproduce via cones, differentiating them from angiosperms.
Egg cells develop within ovules.

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Description

Test your knowledge of plant structures with these flashcards. Each card focuses on key aspects of roots, stems, and their adaptations. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of plant biology.