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Questions and Answers
A student notices that plants grow taller when exposed to more sunlight. To investigate this, what would be the MOST appropriate independent variable in their experiment?
A student notices that plants grow taller when exposed to more sunlight. To investigate this, what would be the MOST appropriate independent variable in their experiment?
- The type of plant used.
- The height of the plants.
- The amount of sunlight the plants receive. (correct)
- The amount of water given to the plants.
Why is it crucial to avoid disposing of certain chemicals down the sink in a science laboratory?
Why is it crucial to avoid disposing of certain chemicals down the sink in a science laboratory?
- To save money on waste disposal fees.
- To adhere to standard laboratory practice regardless of the chemical's nature.
- To prevent potential reactions with other chemicals in the plumbing system and environmental contamination. (correct)
- To prevent damage to the sink material from corrosive substances.
In an experiment, a student finds a strong correlation between ice cream sales and crime rates. What conclusion can be reliably drawn from this observation?
In an experiment, a student finds a strong correlation between ice cream sales and crime rates. What conclusion can be reliably drawn from this observation?
- Higher crime rates directly cause increased ice cream sales.
- Increased ice cream sales directly cause higher crime rates.
- There is likely a confounding variable influencing both ice cream sales and crime rates. (correct)
- Ice cream should be banned to reduce crime rates.
A student plots data from an experiment and observes a straight line passing through the origin. What type of relationship does this suggest between the variables?
A student plots data from an experiment and observes a straight line passing through the origin. What type of relationship does this suggest between the variables?
A chemist consistently measures the temperature of a solution 2°C higher than the actual temperature. What type of error is MOST likely affecting their measurements, and what is a strategy to address it?
A chemist consistently measures the temperature of a solution 2°C higher than the actual temperature. What type of error is MOST likely affecting their measurements, and what is a strategy to address it?
Flashcards
Hazard Symbol
Hazard Symbol
A symbol that warns of a specific danger (e.g., flammable, corrosive).
Independent Variable
Independent Variable
The variable you change in an experiment.
Dependent Variable
Dependent Variable
The variable you measure in an experiment; it's affected by the independent variable.
Control Variables
Control Variables
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Fair Test
Fair Test
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Study Notes
- Hazard symbols are used to quickly identify dangerous substances.
- Correctly identifying science equipment and tools is essential for conducting experiments safely and accurately.
Safety in the Laboratory
- Adhering to safety protocols is crucial to prevent accidents and ensure a safe working environment.
Logbook
- A logbook is a record of experiments, observations, and data.
- A lab book should include the date, aim of the experiment, method, and results.
Variables
- Independent variable: The factor that is changed or manipulated in an experiment.
- Dependent variable: The factor that is measured or observed in an experiment.
- Control variable: The factors that are kept constant during an experiment to ensure a fair test.
Graphing
- Graphs visually represent data, showing relationships between variables.
Aim and Hypothesis
- Aim: The purpose of the experiment.
- Hypothesis: A testable prediction or explanation.
Experimental Report
- Experimental reports generally include: aim, hypothesis, method, results, discussion, and conclusion.
Fair Test
- A fair test ensures only the independent variable affects the dependent variable.
- This is achieved by controlling all other variables.
Chemical Disposal
- Proper chemical disposal prevents environmental contamination and ensures safety.
- Some chemicals should not be disposed of down the sink because they can pollute water systems, damage pipes, or react dangerously.
Correlation vs Causation
- Correlation indicates a relationship between two variables, but not necessarily that one causes the other.
- Causation means that one variable directly causes a change in another.
Experimental Errors
- Minimizing experimental errors improves the accuracy and reliability of results.
Data Interpretation
- Tables and line graphs present data.
- Data interpretation involves analyzing patterns, trends, and relationships within the data
Proportional Relationships
- Directly proportional: As one variable increases, the other increases at a constant rate.
- Inversely proportional: As one variable increases, the other decreases.
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