Podcast
Questions and Answers
Never do an experiment without ______ or approval from the teacher.
Never do an experiment without ______ or approval from the teacher.
instructions
Safety ______ must be worn at all times during experiments.
Safety ______ must be worn at all times during experiments.
goggles
Liquid waste must not be disposed of in the containers provided and not down the ______.
Liquid waste must not be disposed of in the containers provided and not down the ______.
sink
Broken glass goes in the broken glass ______.
Broken glass goes in the broken glass ______.
Report all ______ to our teacher ASAP.
Report all ______ to our teacher ASAP.
Use only the amount of materials ______ in the instructions.
Use only the amount of materials ______ in the instructions.
Never ______ or taste chemicals since they may be poisonous.
Never ______ or taste chemicals since they may be poisonous.
Never put out a chemical fire with ______ since it will spread.
Never put out a chemical fire with ______ since it will spread.
A good question is formed from ______.
A good question is formed from ______.
The ______ of a substance is the ratio of its mass to its volume.
The ______ of a substance is the ratio of its mass to its volume.
The smallest unit of matter is called an ______.
The smallest unit of matter is called an ______.
Elements are found in ______ columns on the periodic table.
Elements are found in ______ columns on the periodic table.
Metals are typically found on the ______ side of the periodic table.
Metals are typically found on the ______ side of the periodic table.
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances is called an ______.
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances is called an ______.
Anything that has a ______ and takes up space is considered matter.
Anything that has a ______ and takes up space is considered matter.
The particle theory states that matter is made up of tiny ______ with space between them.
The particle theory states that matter is made up of tiny ______ with space between them.
The three states of matter are ______, liquid, and gas.
The three states of matter are ______, liquid, and gas.
Solids are very compact with ______ space for particles to move around.
Solids are very compact with ______ space for particles to move around.
Liquids have more space between particles than solids, allowing for some ______.
Liquids have more space between particles than solids, allowing for some ______.
Gases can move freely in the air, ______ off each other.
Gases can move freely in the air, ______ off each other.
As the temperature of a substance increases, its particles move ______.
As the temperature of a substance increases, its particles move ______.
Different substances are made up of different kinds of ______.
Different substances are made up of different kinds of ______.
Particles are in constant, ______ motion.
Particles are in constant, ______ motion.
The force of attraction between particles is ______ in solids compared to liquids and gases.
The force of attraction between particles is ______ in solids compared to liquids and gases.
A pure substance cannot be separated by ______ means.
A pure substance cannot be separated by ______ means.
Elements are made up of only one kind of ______.
Elements are made up of only one kind of ______.
Compounds are formed by the combination of two or more types of ______.
Compounds are formed by the combination of two or more types of ______.
Mixtures can be separated by ______ means.
Mixtures can be separated by ______ means.
Homogeneous mixtures have a ______ appearance.
Homogeneous mixtures have a ______ appearance.
Heterogeneous mixtures have ______ components that are easily distinguishable.
Heterogeneous mixtures have ______ components that are easily distinguishable.
Physical properties can be observed by our ______ or measured by instruments.
Physical properties can be observed by our ______ or measured by instruments.
Qualitative observations describe the ______ of a substance, while quantitative observations use numbers.
Qualitative observations describe the ______ of a substance, while quantitative observations use numbers.
The ______ gases are known for being the most stable due to their full outer shell.
The ______ gases are known for being the most stable due to their full outer shell.
Metals and nonmetals create ______ compounds through ionic bonds.
Metals and nonmetals create ______ compounds through ionic bonds.
Nonmetals can form ______ bonds by sharing electrons with each other.
Nonmetals can form ______ bonds by sharing electrons with each other.
An ______ is a solid solution made by mixing two hot liquid metals.
An ______ is a solid solution made by mixing two hot liquid metals.
In ionic compounds, metals become ______ by losing electrons.
In ionic compounds, metals become ______ by losing electrons.
Nonmetals that gain electrons become ______, which are negatively charged.
Nonmetals that gain electrons become ______, which are negatively charged.
Elements with incomplete outer shells combine to achieve the maximum number of ______.
Elements with incomplete outer shells combine to achieve the maximum number of ______.
The ______ point of a substance is a key physical property.
The ______ point of a substance is a key physical property.
A property that is measured and has a numeric value is described as ______.
A property that is measured and has a numeric value is described as ______.
An example of a qualitative property is ______.
An example of a qualitative property is ______.
The ability of a substance to ignite is referred to as its ______.
The ability of a substance to ignite is referred to as its ______.
A change that does not create a new substance is called a ______ change.
A change that does not create a new substance is called a ______ change.
The measurement of density involves the object's mass and its ______.
The measurement of density involves the object's mass and its ______.
A chemical change is indicated by the production of ______ or an unexpected change in colour.
A chemical change is indicated by the production of ______ or an unexpected change in colour.
When a metal is exposed to air, it can undergo ______ and form rust.
When a metal is exposed to air, it can undergo ______ and form rust.
A material changing from a liquid to a solid is an example of a change of ______.
A material changing from a liquid to a solid is an example of a change of ______.
To measure the ______, one needs to consider both the mass and the volume of an object.
To measure the ______, one needs to consider both the mass and the volume of an object.
Flashcards
Noble gases
Noble gases
Group 18 elements, most stable with full outer electron shells.
Electron stability
Electron stability
Atoms achieve stability by having full outer electron shells.
Alloys
Alloys
Mixtures of two or more metals, not actual compounds.
Ionic compounds
Ionic compounds
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Cations
Cations
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Anions
Anions
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Covalent bonds
Covalent bonds
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Particle Theory
Particle Theory
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States of Matter
States of Matter
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Solids
Solids
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Liquids
Liquids
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Gases
Gases
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Effect of Temperature
Effect of Temperature
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Pure Substances
Pure Substances
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Elements
Elements
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Mixtures
Mixtures
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Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
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Lab Safety Rule 1
Lab Safety Rule 1
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Safety Goggles
Safety Goggles
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Chemical Disposal
Chemical Disposal
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Broken Glass Disposal
Broken Glass Disposal
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Observation
Observation
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Qualitative Observations
Qualitative Observations
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Quantitative Observations
Quantitative Observations
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Inference
Inference
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Observation vs. Inference
Observation vs. Inference
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Density
Density
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Freezing Point
Freezing Point
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Boiling Point
Boiling Point
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Metals vs Non-Metals
Metals vs Non-Metals
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Melting point
Melting point
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Physical properties
Physical properties
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Quantitative properties
Quantitative properties
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Qualitative properties
Qualitative properties
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Physical change
Physical change
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Chemical properties
Chemical properties
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Chemical change
Chemical change
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Flammability
Flammability
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Dissolving
Dissolving
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Study Notes
Lesson 1: Lab Safety Rules
- Never conduct an experiment without teacher approval and read all instructions beforehand.
- Wear safety goggles at all times during experiments.
- Dispose of liquid waste properly; do not pour it down the sink.
- Place broken glass in the designated broken glass container.
- Report all accidents immediately to the teacher.
- Use only the prescribed amount of materials to minimize the risk of chemical reactions.
- Do not smell or taste chemicals; they may be harmful.
- Maintain a safe and orderly lab environment to prevent accidents.
- Never leave an experiment unattended, ensure all materials are ready before starting.
- Clean up spills and equipment thoroughly after each experiment.
Lesson 2: Observation and Inferences
- Observations are made using the five senses to gather information, including notes and facts.
- Observations can be:
- Qualitative: Observations made without measurement; recorded without numerical values.
- Quantitative: Observations made with measurement; recorded using numerical values.
- Inference: Logical interpretations based on prior knowledge and observations.
Lesson 3: Particles in Solutions
- Matter is made up of tiny particles with spaces between them.
- Particles in solids are closely packed together with minimal space to move.
- Particles in liquids have more space to move around than solids.
- Particles in gases have significant space between them and move freely.
- Particle movement increases with increasing temperature.
- Different substances are composed of different types of particles.
- Particles move in constant, random motion.
- Particles attract each other's based on the state of matter (solid, liquid, or gas).
Lesson 4: Physical and Chemical Properties
- Physical properties are observed or measured without changing the substance's composition.
- Examples include color, luster, optical clarity, viscosity, hardness, malleability, ductility, electrical conductivity, and temperature.
- Qualitative properties are described without numerical values, relying on observations.
- Quantitative properties are measured with numerical values.
- A physical change does not alter the substance's composition but only its physical state.
Lesson 5: Chemical Properties
- Chemical properties describe how a substance reacts with other substances to form new substances.
- Chemical properties are evident during a chemical reaction and result in observable changes in the substance's composition.
Lesson 6: Periodic Table of Elements
- Elements are arranged in a periodic table based on their atomic number.
- Atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom.
- Elements in the same group (vertical column) share similar chemical properties.
- Elements in the same period (horizontal row) have increasing atomic numbers.
Lesson 7: Atomic Theories
- Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter.
- Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- Different atomic theories, including those proposed by Democritus and Dalton, gradually evolved to the modern understanding of the atom.
Lesson 8: Isotopes and Atomic Structure
- Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
- Mass number represents the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
- Valence electrons are the outermost electrons in an atom and are involved in chemical bonding.
Lesson 9: Molecules and Molecular Structure
- Molecules are formed by the chemical bonding of two or more atoms.
- Compounds like water, nitrogen, and oxygen are examples of molecules.
Lesson 10: Chemical Bonding
- Atoms bond to achieve a stable electron configuration in their outer shells.
- Three main types of chemical bonding are:
- Ionic bonding: involves the transfer of electrons between atoms to form ions with opposite charges.
- Covalent bonding: involves the sharing of electrons between atoms to achieve a stable configuration.
- Metallic bonding: present in metals, where valence electrons are delocalized and form a "sea" of electrons.
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