Science Human Biology - Term 4 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is a sensory neuron?

  • Transmits nerve impulses away from the CNS
  • Cell body is at one end of the cell
  • Neuron is symmetrical if cut in half
  • Cell body is located on a branch/off to the side of the neuron (correct)

What is a motor neuron?

  • Cell body is located on a branch/off to the side of the neuron
  • Neuron is symmetrical if cut in half
  • Dendrites are very short, branch-like structures surrounding the cell body (correct)
  • Transmits nerve impulses to the CNS

What is the function of a relay neuron?

Passes on the nerve impulse from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron.

Identify the parts of the central nervous system.

<p>Brain and spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the parts of the peripheral nervous system.

<p>Cranial and spinal nerves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The structures of a nerve cell include the ______.

<p>cell body, dendrite, axon, terminal knobs, myelin sheath.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a cell body?

<p>Controls cell activity and contains the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a dendrite?

<p>Receives nerve impulses from other nerve cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an axon?

<p>Sends nerve impulses away from the cell body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a terminal knob?

<p>Passes the message onto the next neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a myelin sheath?

<p>Insulates the neurons and speeds up transmission of nerve impulses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sensory neuron?

<p>Transmits nerve impulses to the CNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a motor neuron?

<p>Transmits nerve impulses away from the CNS to the effector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a synapse?

<p>A small gap between one neuron and the next.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do neurotransmitters do?

<p>Carry nerve impulses across the synapse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the main parts of the brain.

<p>Refer to the diagram.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cerebrum?

<p>Responsible for conscious thoughts, voluntary movement, language, intelligence, and sensory processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cerebellum?

<p>Responsible for coordination and balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

<p>Checks the internal environment of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the brain stem?

<p>Controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the somatic division?

<p>Collects information through sensory organs and coordinates movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the autonomic division?

<p>Controls involuntary activities in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are mechanoreceptors sensitive to?

<p>Stimuli such as touch and muscle stretching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are chemoreceptors sensitive to?

<p>Chemicals found in food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do thermoreceptors respond to?

<p>Changes in temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are photoreceptors sensitive to?

<p>Light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Neurons and Their Types

  • Sensory Neurons: Cell body on a branch, dendrites end with receptors.
  • Motor Neurons: Cell body at one end, short dendrites, long axon.
  • Relay Neurons: Neuron is symmetrical if cut in half.

Nervous System Parts

  • Central Nervous System (CNS): Comprises the brain and spinal cord; processes information and sends impulses to facilitate body responses.
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Includes cranial and spinal nerves; carries impulses between receptors and the CNS, and CNS to effectors.

Structure of Nerve Cells

  • Main components: cell body, dendrites, axon, terminal knobs, myelin sheath.

Functions of Neuron Components

  • Cell Body: Contains nucleus (control center) and cytoplasm.
  • Dendrite: Receives impulses from other cells and directs them to the cell body.
  • Axon: Carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.
  • Terminal Knob: Transfers messages to the next neuron.
  • Myelin Sheath: Insulates neurons, facilitating faster impulse transmission.

Types of Neurons

  • Sensory Neuron: Transmits impulses toward the CNS.
  • Motor Neuron: Carries impulses away from the CNS to effectors.
  • Relay Neuron: Transfers impulses from sensory to motor neurons.

Synapses and Neurotransmitters

  • Synapse: Small gap between neurons.
  • Neurotransmitters: Chemicals that transfer nerve impulses across synapses.

Brain Functions

  • Cerebrum: Largest brain part (over 80%); responsible for conscious thought, voluntary movement, language, intelligence, memory, and sensory processing; divided into left and right hemispheres.
  • Cerebellum: Coordinates balance and movement; located at the skull base.
  • Hypothalamus: Monitors the body's internal environment.
  • Brain Stem/Medulla: Connects to the spinal cord; regulates vital functions like breathing and heart rate.

Nervous System Divisions

  • Somatic Division: Gathers information via sensory organs; coordinates body movements.
  • Autonomic Division: Manages involuntary body functions (heart rate, digestion, sweating).

Receptor Functions

  • Mechanoreceptors: Detect touch and stretch; relevant in sensations like a full bladder.
  • Chemoreceptors: Sensitive to chemicals, such as in food.
  • Thermoreceptors: React to temperature changes.
  • Photoreceptors: Respond to light stimuli.

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