Questions and Answers
What is a sensory neuron?
What is a motor neuron?
What is the function of a relay neuron?
Passes on the nerve impulse from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron.
Identify the parts of the central nervous system.
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Identify the parts of the peripheral nervous system.
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The structures of a nerve cell include the ______.
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What is the function of a cell body?
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What is the function of a dendrite?
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What is the function of an axon?
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What is the function of a terminal knob?
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What is the function of a myelin sheath?
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What is a sensory neuron?
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What is a motor neuron?
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What is a synapse?
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What do neurotransmitters do?
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Identify the main parts of the brain.
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What is the function of the cerebrum?
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What is the function of the cerebellum?
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What is the function of the hypothalamus?
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What is the function of the brain stem?
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What is the role of the somatic division?
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What is the role of the autonomic division?
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What are mechanoreceptors sensitive to?
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What are chemoreceptors sensitive to?
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What do thermoreceptors respond to?
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What are photoreceptors sensitive to?
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Study Notes
Neurons and Their Types
- Sensory Neurons: Cell body on a branch, dendrites end with receptors.
- Motor Neurons: Cell body at one end, short dendrites, long axon.
- Relay Neurons: Neuron is symmetrical if cut in half.
Nervous System Parts
- Central Nervous System (CNS): Comprises the brain and spinal cord; processes information and sends impulses to facilitate body responses.
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Includes cranial and spinal nerves; carries impulses between receptors and the CNS, and CNS to effectors.
Structure of Nerve Cells
- Main components: cell body, dendrites, axon, terminal knobs, myelin sheath.
Functions of Neuron Components
- Cell Body: Contains nucleus (control center) and cytoplasm.
- Dendrite: Receives impulses from other cells and directs them to the cell body.
- Axon: Carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.
- Terminal Knob: Transfers messages to the next neuron.
- Myelin Sheath: Insulates neurons, facilitating faster impulse transmission.
Types of Neurons
- Sensory Neuron: Transmits impulses toward the CNS.
- Motor Neuron: Carries impulses away from the CNS to effectors.
- Relay Neuron: Transfers impulses from sensory to motor neurons.
Synapses and Neurotransmitters
- Synapse: Small gap between neurons.
- Neurotransmitters: Chemicals that transfer nerve impulses across synapses.
Brain Functions
- Cerebrum: Largest brain part (over 80%); responsible for conscious thought, voluntary movement, language, intelligence, memory, and sensory processing; divided into left and right hemispheres.
- Cerebellum: Coordinates balance and movement; located at the skull base.
- Hypothalamus: Monitors the body's internal environment.
- Brain Stem/Medulla: Connects to the spinal cord; regulates vital functions like breathing and heart rate.
Nervous System Divisions
- Somatic Division: Gathers information via sensory organs; coordinates body movements.
- Autonomic Division: Manages involuntary body functions (heart rate, digestion, sweating).
Receptor Functions
- Mechanoreceptors: Detect touch and stretch; relevant in sensations like a full bladder.
- Chemoreceptors: Sensitive to chemicals, such as in food.
- Thermoreceptors: React to temperature changes.
- Photoreceptors: Respond to light stimuli.
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Test your knowledge on sensory and motor neurons with these flashcards. Each card features crucial definitions and characteristics to help you understand the structure and function of these essential neuron types. Perfect for students preparing for Term 4 assessments.