Science Class Quiz: Measurements and Units
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Questions and Answers

What is the scientific notation for the number 0.0056?

  • 0.56 × 10^-2
  • 56 × 10^-4
  • 5.6 × 10^-3 (correct)
  • 5.6 × 10^3

All non-zero digits in a number are significant figures.

True (A)

What is the formula to calculate weight?

w = mg

When converting from g/cm³ to kg/m³, you must ______ by 1000.

<p>multiply</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the prefixes with their respective values:

<p>Kilo = 10^3 Centi = 10^-2 Milli = 10^-3 Nano = 10^-9</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which unit is used to measure density?

<p>g/cm³ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the displacement method used for?

<p>Measuring volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of adding two parallel vectors, 2N to the left and 3N to the left?

<p>-5N to the left (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A systematic error means all measurements of a quantity are wrong by varying amounts.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the gradient 'm' represent in the equation of a straight line y = mx + c?

<p>The change in y divided by the change in x.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In vector addition, the resultant vector is found by combining the __________ of the vectors.

<p>magnitudes and directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their definitions:

<p>Scalar quantity = Has only magnitude Vector quantity = Has both magnitude and direction Systematic error = Constant error in all measurements Gradient = Change in y divided by change in x</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many significant figures are in the number 20,007?

<p>5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Trailing zeros to the left of the decimal point are significant.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate the period of a simple pendulum?

<p>T = t/n</p> Signup and view all the answers

The SI unit for measuring length is the ______.

<p>metre</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following instruments with their primary usage:

<p>Ruler = Measuring length Vernier Caliper = Measuring small diameters Tape Measure = Measuring long distances Micrometer Screw Gauge = Measuring very small lengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT affect the period of a pendulum?

<p>Color of the bob (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frequency is measured in kilograms.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sensitivity in terms of measuring instruments?

<p>The smallest change an instrument can detect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In measuring the length of an object, we can use a ______.

<p>tape measure</p> Signup and view all the answers

The smallest division of a micrometre screw gauge is 0.01 cm.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic formula for calculating the volume of a rectangular solid?

<p>length × width × height</p> Signup and view all the answers

The final reading of the micrometre screw gauge is the sum of the main scale reading and the __________ reading.

<p>circular scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the measurement method to its description:

<p>Micrometre Screw Gauge = Measures small lengths accurately Graduated Cylinder = Measures liquid volumes Displacement Method = Calculates volume of irregular solids Density Calculation = Mass per unit volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit for density?

<p>kg/m³ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For measuring volume using the displacement method, only solids can be used.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you calculate the volume of an object using the displacement method?

<p>Final volume - Initial volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

To create a proper graph, the __________ should be labeled correctly on each axis.

<p>quantities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What measurement is taken first when using a micrometre screw gauge?

<p>Main scale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you put at the top of the graph page?

<p>A title in ALL CAPS and underlined (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The x-axis should not have any units labeled.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation representing a linear relationship that does not pass through the origin?

<p>y = mx + c</p> Signup and view all the answers

To analyze data using graphs, you need to plot points based on ordered pairs, represented as (x, ______).

<p>y</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to graphing with their definitions:

<p>Range = The difference between the maximum and minimum values Proportionality = A linear relationship through the origin Scale = The unit representation on the graph Intercept = The point where the graph crosses an axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calculating the scale for both axes?

<p>To ensure the graph fits on the graph page (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using pen for drawing the graph is recommended for neatness.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the plotted points lie close to a straight line through the origin?

<p>They show direct proportionality between the two variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When plotting graphs, you should stick to a _____ scale for convenience.

<p>convenient</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the intercept on the temperature axis represent in the graph of gas pressure against temperature?

<p>Absolute Zero of temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Derived Quantity

A quantity calculated from fundamental quantities, like speed derived from distance and time.

Scientific Notation

A way to express very large or small numbers using powers of 10, with a coefficient between 1 and 10.

Converting kg/m³ to g/cm³

Divide by 1000 to convert density from kilograms per cubic meter to grams per cubic centimeter.

Converting m/s to km/h

Multiply by 3.6 to convert speed from meters per second to kilometers per hour.

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Significant Figures Rule 1

All non-zero digits in a number are considered significant.

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Displacement Method

A technique used to measure the volume of an irregularly shaped object by submerging it in water and measuring the volume of water displaced.

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Measuring Volume with a Cylinder

A measuring cylinder is used to measure the volume of liquids by reading the level of the liquid at the meniscus.

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Pendulum: Oscillation

A complete to-and-fro movement of the pendulum bob. It's one full swing from one side to the other and back.

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Pendulum: Period

The time taken for a pendulum to complete one full oscillation (to and fro).

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Pendulum: Frequency

The number of oscillations a pendulum makes per second. Measured in Hertz (Hz).

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Pendulum: Amplitude

The maximum angle that the pendulum swings away from its resting position.

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Measuring Length: Tools

Instruments used to measure length. There are various tools with different levels of sensitivity and precision.

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Measuring Length: Sensitivity

The smallest change in length that an instrument can detect. A more sensitive instrument can detect smaller differences in length.

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Micrometre Screw Gauge Reading

The reading from a micrometre screw gauge is the sum of the main scale reading and the circular scale reading.

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Micrometre Screw Gauge Range

The range of a micrometre screw gauge is the maximum measurement it can take.

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Micrometre Screw Gauge Smallest Division

The smallest division of a micrometre screw gauge is the smallest difference in measurement it can detect.

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Weight Formula

The weight of an object is calculated by multiplying its mass by the acceleration due to gravity.

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Volume Formula

The volume of a solid is the amount of space it occupies. The basic formula is length × width × height.

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Displacement Method for Volume

A technique to find the volume of an irregularly shaped object by measuring the water it displaces.

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Measuring Cylinder Volume

A measuring cylinder is used to measure the volume of liquids by reading the liquid level at the meniscus.

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Density Formula

Density is a measure of how compact a substance is. It's calculated by dividing mass by volume.

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Density SI Unit

The standard unit of density is kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³).

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Graph Construction Steps

A graph should be drawn with a sharp pencil, correct quantities on axes, and a suitable scale for clear visualization.

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Graph Range

The difference between the highest and lowest values for each quantity plotted on a graph. It determines the scale of the graph.

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Direct Proportionality

A relationship between two variables where one variable changes directly in proportion to the other, represented by a straight line through the origin.

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Linear Relationship

A relationship between two variables that can be represented by a straight line graph, but may not pass through the origin.

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Graph Title

The title of a graph, usually written in all caps and underlined, summarizing the information presented in the graph.

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Axis Labels

The labeling of each axis of a graph, including the quantity being plotted and its units.

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Graph Scale

The numerical values represented by each division on the axes of a graph.

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Graph Plotting

The process of marking points on a graph based on corresponding values on the x and y axes.

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Minimum Graph Coverage

The graph should take up at least half the available space on the graph sheet to ensure clarity and visual impact.

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Straight Line Intercept

The point where a straight line intercepts the y-axis, often representing a constant value or a starting point in the relationship between variables.

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Absolute Zero

The theoretical temperature at which all molecular motion stops, often determined by extrapolating a graph of pressure against temperature to the y-axis.

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Systematic Error

A consistent inaccuracy in all measurements of a quantity, caused by an error in the experimental setup or procedure.

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Interpreting Graph Intercepts

The point where a graph crosses the y-axis (the y-intercept) can reveal information about a systematic error, such as a constant offset in the measurement.

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Vector Quantity

A quantity that has both magnitude (size) and direction.

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Adding Parallel Vectors

When combining vectors acting in the same direction, their magnitudes add up.

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Adding Antiparallel Vectors

When combining vectors acting in opposite directions, the smaller magnitude gets subtracted from the larger one.

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Study Notes

Measurements

  • Fundamental Quantities: A set of seven quantities used to define other physical quantities. Includes mass (kg), length (m), time (s), current (A), temperature (K), amount of substance (mol), and luminous intensity (cd).
  • Derived Quantities: Quantities calculated from fundamental quantities. Examples include speed (m/s), acceleration (m/s²), force (N), energy (J), etc.
  • SI Units: The International System of Units, which are the standard units used in science and engineering.
  • Prefixes: Units of multiples or sub-multiples of a base unit, used to represent large or small numbers. (e.g., kilo- = 103)

Measurements- Measuring Time

  • Simple Pendulum: Used for measuring time. Length (l) and acceleration due to gravity (g) affect period (T). The relationship is T = 2π√(l/g).

Measurements- Measuring Length

  • Instruments: Ruler, tape measure, Vernier caliper, micrometer screw gauge.
  • Sensitivity: The smallest change an instrument can detect. (e.g., micrometers have higher sensitivity than rulers).
  • Precision: How consistent repeated measurements are.
  • Accuracy: How close a measurement is to its true value.

Measurements- Measuring Volume

  • Displacement Method: Calculating volume through measuring the change in volume of water when the object is submerged.

Measurements-Measuring Mass & Calculating Density

  • Density: Mass per unit volume (mass/volume). Units are g/cm³ or kg/m³.

Graphs

  • Graph Construction and Analysis: A detailed guide on how to accurately construct graphs, including labeling axes with correct units, choosing appropriate scale, plotting points and drawing the best-fit line. Key considerations for effective graph construction include using a pencil, keeping it clean/neat and making sure the graph covers most of the graph page

Vectors

  • Vector vs. Scalar Quantities: Vectors have both magnitude and direction (e.g., displacement, velocity, force), while scalars only have magnitude (e.g., distance, speed, mass).
  • Vector Addition: Combining vectors. Methods include parallelogram law and scale drawing.

Linear Motion

  • Motion Graphs: Graphs relating distance/displacement to time, used to interpret motion (stationary objects, objects in uniform/non-uniform motion, etc.) as well as velocity/speed versus time, and the relationship between velocity and acceleration.
  • Kinematics: A branch of mechanics describing motion without considering the forces that cause it. Key concepts include speed, velocity, and acceleration. (calculations formulas)

Significant Figures

  • Rules: All non-zero digits are significant. Zeros between non-zero digits are significant. Leading zeros are not significant. Trailing zeros after a decimal point are significant.
  • Applications: Used for reporting measurements with appropriate precision. Crucial for scientific calculations.

Index Notation & Conversion

  • Scientific notation: A standardized way of writing numbers that are very large or very small, allowing for better calculation and reducing calculation errors.

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Description

Test your understanding of important scientific concepts related to measurements, units, and significant figures. This quiz covers topics such as the scientific notation, density calculation, and vector addition. Perfect for science students looking to strengthen their knowledge!

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