Science Chapter 5 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does temperature measure?

The average kinetic energy of the particles in an object.

How is temperature different than thermal energy?

Temperature measures the average energy of motion of the particles, while thermal energy is the total energy of all the particles' motion.

What is the difference between heat and temperature?

Heat is the transfer of thermal energy, while temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is.

What is the difference between heat and thermal energy?

Heat is the transfer of thermal energy, while thermal energy is the total energy of the motion of all particles. Signup and view all the answers

Provide freezing points and boiling points for each of the three different temperature scales.

Fahrenheit: freezes at 32°F, boils at 212°F; Celsius: freezes at 0°C, boils at 100°C; Kelvin: freezes at 273K, boils at 373K. Signup and view all the answers

Describe absolute zero. Provide the temperature for absolute zero on each of the three temperature scales.

Absolute zero is the lowest temperature possible where there is no kinetic energy; it is -273°C, -459°F, and 0K. Signup and view all the answers

What does thermal energy depend on?

It depends on the temperature of an object, the number of particles in it, and how close the particles are. Signup and view all the answers

Know how thermal energy is transferred between objects. Give two examples of ways in which heat is transferred.

Thermal energy is transferred by convection, conduction, and radiation. Examples include heating food on a stove (conduction) and warm air rising (convection). Signup and view all the answers

List and describe the three ways in which heat can be transferred. Provide one example each of ways we see that heat being transferred.

Conduction: transfers heat from one particle to another (example: food on a grill); Convection: thermal energy transfer in fluids (example: swimming pool water); Radiation: energy transfer through electromagnetic waves (example: sun heating sand). Signup and view all the answers

Describe what a conductor is. Provide an example.

A conductor is a material that conducts heat well, such as metals like silver or tile. Signup and view all the answers

Do all objects change temperatures at the same speed? Why or why not?

No, different objects require different amounts of thermal energy to change temperature because they have different properties. Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if thermal expansion were not taken into account when building certain objects (power lines, bridges, etc.)?

They might explode and cause lots of power outages. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between convection and a convection current?

Convection is the actual transfer of heat, while a convection current is the circular motion of air caused by convection. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Temperature and Energy Concepts

Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles in an object.
Thermal energy refers to the total energy of motion of all particles in a substance.
Distinction between temperature and thermal energy: temperature indicates how hot or cold something is, whereas thermal energy encompasses the total energy of motion.

Heat and Thermal Energy

Heat represents the transfer of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object due to a temperature difference.
Difference between heat and thermal energy: heat is the energy in transit, while thermal energy is the total energy within an object.

Temperature Scales

Fahrenheit Scale: Freezes at 32°F, boils at 212°F.
Celsius Scale: Freezes at 0°C, boils at 100°C.
Kelvin Scale: Freezes at 273K, boils at 373K.

Absolute Zero

Absolute zero is the theoretical lowest temperature, where no kinetic energy exists.
Temperature of absolute zero: -273°C, -459°F, and 0K.

Factors Affecting Thermal Energy

Thermal energy is influenced by the object's temperature, number of particles, and proximity of particles.

Methods of Heat Transfer

Thermal energy transfers through conduction (e.g., food being grilled), convection (e.g., people swimming in warmed water), and radiation (e.g., sun heating sand).
Convection involves fluid movement, whereas conduction transfers heat between particles directly.

Conductors

Conductors are materials that facilitate heat transfer effectively, such as metals like silver or tile.

Changes in Temperature

Different materials require varying amounts of thermal energy to change temperature, due to distinct properties, leading to different rates of temperature change across materials.

Thermal Expansion Considerations

Ignoring thermal expansion in construction could lead to catastrophic failures, such as explosions or power outages, especially in infrastructure like power lines and bridges.

Convection versus Convection Current

Convection is the actual process of heat transfer, while a convection current describes the circular motion caused by temperature differences in fluids.

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Description

Test your understanding of key concepts related to temperature in Chapter 5 of science. This quiz covers definitions, comparisons, and fundamental principles related to thermal energy and temperature. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge.