Temperature and Heat Concepts

The resistance of a thermistor decreases rapidly with increasing temperature.

Different thermometers rely on unique thermometric properties that do not change uniformly with temperature.

A calibration curve is a graph that plots a thermometric property against temperature, allowing for temperature determination from that property.

<p>The relationship between emf and temperature is assumed to be linear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The temperature is approximately 60 °C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A standard thermometer is needed for consistency and comparison across different types of thermometers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The narrow constriction allows the mercury to stay in place after removal from a patient for accurate reading.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It detects the infra-red radiation emitted from the eardrum, calibrated to provide a temperature reading.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The temperature of the water corresponds to a specific value derived from the calibration curve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To accurately measure the temperature by generating a voltage that corresponds to the temperature difference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure that the readings accurately reflect the same thermal condition at that instant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates a linear relationship between resistance and temperature, but with a non-zero intercept.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By using the formula $m = \frac{(p_2 - p_1)}{(\theta_2 - \theta_1)}$ based on two known points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycerol provides better thermal contact with the sensor, leading to more accurate temperature readings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure consistent temperature distribution throughout the water and avoid thermal shocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates that the resistance of the thermistor decreases as the temperature increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thermocouple, millivoltmeter, mercury thermometer, Bunsen burner, stirrer, ice, and beakers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By ensuring the test junction is well-stirred and in thermal equilibrium with the surrounding medium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the accuracy of the results and allows for better representation of the calibration curve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The SI unit of temperature is Kelvin (K), and the symbol used is T.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature measures the hotness or coldness of a body, while heat quantifies the amount of thermal energy it contains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Greek letter delta (∆) signifies 'change in' temperature, represented as ∆θ.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two fixed points on the Celsius scale are the melting point of pure ice and the boiling point of pure water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat transfers from the hotter body to the colder body due to a temperature difference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The freezing point of water is 32°F, and the boiling point is 212°F.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absolute zero is 0 K, which corresponds to -273.15 °C, and it is defined on the Kelvin scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Kelvin scale has the same interval size as the Celsius scale, with 0 K corresponding to -273.15 °C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dividing the interval into equal parts allows for a practical and reproducible temperature measurement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two bodies may have the same temperature but different amounts of heat due to variations in mass or specific heat capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absolute zero, 0 K, is the lowest possible temperature where all thermal energy is removed from an object, significant because it sets a baseline for temperature scales.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Kelvin scale is proportional and always positive, unlike the Celsius scale which can represent negative values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fixed points are absolute zero and the triple point of water, important because they provide universally applicable reference points for temperature measurement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A liquid-in-glass thermometer operates by measuring the length of a liquid column that expands with temperature increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thermocouples measure temperature differences by generating an electromotive force (emf) when two different metals are joined and their junctions are at different temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boyle's Law states that pressure is inversely proportional to volume for a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the temperature of a gas is increased at constant pressure, its volume also increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Ideal Gas Law combines these laws into a single equation expressing the relationship among pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of gas moles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The triple point of water signifies the unique condition where water, ice, and vapor coexist in equilibrium at 273.16 K.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A gas thermometer operates on the principle that the volume of a gas changes with temperature at constant pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The SI unit of heat is the joule (J), which quantifies thermal energy, while temperature is measured in kelvin (K) or degrees Celsius (°C). Unlike heat, temperature indicates the level of hotness or coldness of a body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two bodies at the same temperature can have different amounts of heat because heat depends on both the temperature and the mass of the substance. For instance, a swimming pool and a beaker of water at 20°C have different heat contents due to their varying volumes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fixed points in the Celsius scale are the melting point of ice and the boiling point of water, while in the Kelvin scale, they are absolute zero and 0°C. These fixed points establish the scales and ensure that temperature measurements are consistent and reproducible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Greek letter delta (∆) denotes a 'change in' variable, so ∆θ represents the 'change in temperature'. It indicates the difference between two temperature measurements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Kelvin scale starts at absolute zero (0 K), which corresponds to -273.15°C. This indicates that absolute zero is the theoretical point at which molecular motion stops.</p> Signup and view all the answers