Biology: Microorganisms Classification
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of the prokaryotic cell wall?

  • Lack a cell wall
  • Made of chitin
  • Made of cellulose
  • Contain peptidoglycan (correct)

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

  • Presence of membrane-bound organelles
  • Smaller in size (correct)
  • Presence of nuclear membrane
  • Organised replicative cell cycle

    • What is the function of the prokaryotic cell wall?

  • To produce ATP
  • To synthesize proteins
  • To maintain cell shape (correct)
  • To regulate cell growth

    • What is the difference between Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria?

    <p>Cell wall composition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of prokaryotic microorganisms?

    <p>They are unicellular (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the component of archaeal cell walls?

    <p>Polysaccharides and proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following microorganisms is NOT a type of prokaryote?

    <p>Fungi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of Vibrio cholerae?

    <p>Spiral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1929?

    <p>Penicillin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of fimbriae in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Adhesion and biofilm formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of cell division in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Binary fission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the 40-day period that Venetian ships remained under quarantine before approaching Venice port?

    <p>Quarantina giorni (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Cyanobacteria?

    <p>To produce oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>They can thrive in extreme conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the system of naming living organisms invented by Carolus Linnaeus?

    <p>Binomial nomenclature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic microorganism that lives in extreme conditions?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of Gram-positive bacteria cell walls?

    <p>Peptidoglycan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Gram-positive bacteria?

    <p>They absorb crystal violet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria?

    <p>To provide resistance to physical stress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>Phospholipids, proteins, and lipopolysaccharides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria is an example of Gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>Escherichia coli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the cell walls of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>Gram-positive bacteria have a large amount of peptidoglycan, while Gram-negative bacteria have a small amount (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do Gram-positive bacteria stain purple in Gram staining?

    <p>Because they absorb crystal violet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the outer lipopolysaccharide layer in Gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>To make the bacteria resistant to lysozyme and penicillin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of many antibiotics?

    <p>Streptomyces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disease caused by Clostridium tetani?

    <p>Tetanus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum?

    <p>Botulinum toxin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of botulinum toxin action at the neuromuscular junction?

    <p>Inhibition of acetylcholine release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of death in botulism?

    <p>Respiratory muscle failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Mycoplasmas?

    <p>They have no cell wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disease caused by Bacillus anthracis?

    <p>Anthrax (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the Gram-positive bacterium that contaminates improperly canned food?

    <p>Clostridium botulinum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of flagella structure is found in Spirochetes?

    <p>Axial filament (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the motor in a prokaryotic flagellum?

    <p>Provides energy for rotation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the protein that makes up the filament in a prokaryotic flagellum?

    <p>Flagellin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of motion exhibited by Spirochetes?

    <p>Twisting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the axial filaments located in Spirochetes?

    <p>In the periplasmic space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the hook in a prokaryotic flagellum?

    <p>Outside the cell wall (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the rotation direction of a prokaryotic flagellum?

    <p>Clockwise or counterclockwise rotation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the proton motive force in a prokaryotic flagellum?

    <p>Provides energy for rotation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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