Gr 8 Natural Sciences Ch 1.3: Useful microorganisms

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of decomposers in ecosystems?

  • To produce antibiotics that inhibit the growth of bacteria
  • To break down dead plant and animal matter and return essential nutrients to the soil (correct)
  • To aid in the digestion and nutrient absorption in the human gut
  • To convert nitrogen from the air into a form that plants can use

What is the term for the process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen?

  • Nitrogen fixation
  • Decomposition
  • Antibiotic production
  • Fermentation (correct)

What is the role of Rhizobia bacteria in legumes?

  • To convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds that plants can use (correct)
  • To produce antibiotics that inhibit the growth of bacteria
  • To aid in the digestion and nutrient absorption in the human gut
  • To break down dead plant and animal matter

What is the term for a substance used to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria?

<p>Antibiotic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mutualistic relationship between legumes and certain bacteria?

<p>The plants provide glucose to the bacteria, and the bacteria provide nitrogen compounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of beneficial gut bacteria in the human body?

<p>To aid in digestion and nutrient absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the essential element that is often fixed by certain bacteria into a usable form?

<p>Nitrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for plants that have a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules?

<p>Legumes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of microorganisms in yogurt and cheese production?

<p>To convert milk sugars into lactic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of yeast in bread making?

<p>To convert sugars into carbon dioxide and alcohol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal condition for fermentation?

<p>The right temperature, pH, and sugar concentration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of microorganisms in sewage treatment?

<p>To break down organic matter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming?

<p>Penicillin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of microorganisms in biotechnology?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are microorganisms essential in scientific research?

<p>Because they are simple and similar to human cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which microorganisms break down pollutants into less harmful substances?

<p>Bioremediation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of microorganisms in the production of alcoholic beverages?

<p>To convert sugars into alcohol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the metabolic process that produces energy under anaerobic conditions?

<p>Fermentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of microorganisms in food processing?

<p>To convert sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a medical application of microorganisms?

<p>Production of biofuels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of microorganisms in environmental sustainability?

<p>To break down pollutants into less harmful substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of microorganisms in biotechnology?

<p>Production of biofuels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered penicillin by chance?

<p>Alexander Fleming (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of microorganisms in sewage treatment?

<p>To break down organic matter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of microorganisms in genetic engineering?

<p>Production of insulin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of microorganisms in bread making?

<p>To convert sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of microorganisms in bioremediation?

<p>To break down oil spills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of microorganisms in yogurt and cheese production?

<p>To convert sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in ecosystems?

<p>They convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a mutualistic relationship?

<p>A plant providing glucose to nitrogen-fixing bacteria. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of beneficial gut bacteria in the human body?

<p>To aid in digestion and nutrient absorption. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the process of decomposition in ecosystems?

<p>The release of essential nutrients back into the soil. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the conversion of sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen?

<p>Fermentation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms is an example of a decomposer?

<p>Fungi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of legumes in ecosystems?

<p>They convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which microorganisms break down pollutants into less harmful substances?

<p>Bioremediation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of decomposers in maintaining ecosystem balance?

<p>To break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an essential element often fixed by certain bacteria into a usable form?

<p>Nitrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of the symbiotic relationship between legumes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

<p>Improved soil fertility and agricultural productivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of beneficial gut bacteria in the human body?

<p>To aid in digestion and nutrient absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which microorganisms convert sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen?

<p>Fermentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of microorganisms in ecosystems?

<p>To contribute to nutrient cycling, food production, medicine, and environmental sustainability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legumes?

<p>Improved soil fertility and agricultural productivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of microorganisms in human health?

<p>To aid in digestion and nutrient absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of yeast in the fermentation of bread?

<p>To convert sugars into carbon dioxide and alcohol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an environmental application of microorganisms?

<p>Food processing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of microorganisms in biotechnology?

<p>To harness innovative applications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of microorganisms in medical applications?

<p>To develop vaccines and antibiotics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered penicillin by chance?

<p>Alexander Fleming (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of microorganisms in fermentation?

<p>To convert sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of microorganisms in food processing?

<p>To ferment and preserve food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of microorganisms in environmental sustainability?

<p>To break down pollutants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of microorganisms in bioremediation?

<p>To break down pollutants into less harmful substances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of yeast in brewing beer and wine?

<p>To ferment sugars to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using microorganisms in food processing?

<p>To enhance the flavor and texture of food products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an application of microorganisms in industry?

<p>Plastic production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of yeast in the fermentation process?

<p>To produce carbon dioxide and alcohol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of breaking down pollutants into less harmful substances?

<p>Bioremediation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microorganisms is used in the production of insulin and human growth hormones?

<p>Bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of microorganisms in sewage treatment?

<p>To break down organic matter and reduce pollution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of microorganisms in maintaining ecosystem balance?

<p>Decomposing organic matter and recycling nutrients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of the symbiotic relationship between legumes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

<p>Improved soil fertility and agricultural productivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered penicillin by chance in 1928?

<p>Alexander Fleming (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of beneficial gut bacteria in the human body?

<p>Aiding in digestion and nutrient absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of microorganisms in medical research?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the process of decomposition in ecosystems?

<p>Increased nutrient availability for primary producers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal condition for fermentation?

<p>Right temperature, pH, and sugar concentration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a mutualistic relationship?

<p>Legumes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in ecosystems?

<p>Converting atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of microorganisms in food production?

<p>Enhanced fermentation of sugars for food preservation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of microorganisms in environmental sustainability?

<p>Breaking down pollutants into less harmful substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of the mutualistic relationship between microorganisms and legumes?

<p>Improved soil fertility and agricultural productivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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