Science Chapter 1 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a quantitative observation known as?

Measurement

What do we call something that can be witnessed and recorded?

Observation

What is a quantitative observation known as?

measurement

What do we call something that can be witnessed and recorded?

<p>observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Observations may be described as what?

<p>both quantitative and qualitative</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible explanation for a set of observations called?

<p>hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a probable explanation for a set of observations or tested hypotheses known as?

<p>theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Observations change as more information becomes available.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is known as a statement of generally observed behavior?

<p>natural law</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a scientific theory involve?

<p>interpretation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is both a body of knowledge and a method of understanding the natural world?

<p>science</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do we call a test to gather more information to support or discredit a hypothesis?

<p>experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is chemistry called the 'central science'?

<p>most natural phenomena involve chemical changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does chemistry deal with?

<p>both the nature of and the changes in materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of an interpretation.

<p>red apples are sweeter than green apples</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a qualitative observation?

<p>lemons are sour</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of a quantitative observation.

<p>apples are more than 90% water</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a qualitative observation about professional basketball players?

<p>that professional basketball players are usually taller than six feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of a qualitative observation.

<p>that basketballs are round</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an interpretation example regarding basketball players?

<p>that Michael Jordan was the best basketball player</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide a qualitative observation about cars.

<p>the white cars get dirty easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a quantitative observation concerning cars?

<p>that large cars get fewer miles per gallon than small cars</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide an interpretation example about cars.

<p>that red cars are more attractive than black cars</p> Signup and view all the answers

What experiment determines damage to cars?

<p>that damage to cars is determined by crashing them into stationary items</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hypothesis suggests about speed limits?

<p>that lowering speed limits results in fewer accidents</p> Signup and view all the answers

What observation relates to collision speeds?

<p>that there is less damage done to a car in a low-speed collision than in a high-speed collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the experiment concerning mice and aspirin imply?

<p>that mice are fed aspirin in proportion to their body weight is</p> Signup and view all the answers

What observation discusses aspirin's effect?

<p>that aspirin in the blood system reduces the ability of the blood to clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hypothesis asserts about aspirin and heart attacks?

<p>that aspirin prevents heart attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hypothesis relates to second-hand smoke?

<p>that second-hand smoke causes health problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

What observation connects waitresses and smoking?

<p>that waitresses who work in bars where smoking is allowed have a high incidence of breathing problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a scientific law?

<p>&quot;what goes up must come down&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a scientific model?

<p>&quot;the earth revolves around the sun&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a scientific hypothesis about Pluto?

<p>&quot;the planet Pluto was space debris captured by the sun's gravity&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a scientific observation?

<p>&quot;stars are powered by nuclear fusion&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a scientific hypothesis regarding sulfur dioxide?

<p>&quot;sulfur dioxide emission is the major source of acid rain&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a scientific observation about acid rain?

<p>&quot;acid rain will erode marble statues&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a scientific law about acids?

<p>&quot;acids react with bases&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a scientific hypothesis related to vitamin C?

<p>&quot;megadoses of vitamin c will prevent colds&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a scientific theory regarding CFCs?

<p>&quot;CFCs damage the ozone layer&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a scientific theory regarding human evolution?

<p>&quot;man evolved from lower species of animals&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a scientific observation about green plants?

<p>&quot;green plants produce oxygen gas&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can a hypothesis become if enough evidence is collected?

<p>a theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Natural laws can be broken.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Theories are always true.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The scientific method is applicable to all human problems.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should experiments be designed to provide?

<p>new observations related to a hypothesis or theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of chemistry strictly involves memorizing facts.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mass is conserved when chemical changes occur.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a good theory characterized by?

<p>it can be used to predict behavior under different conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Observations and Measurements

  • A measurement is a quantitative observation, providing numerical data.
  • Observations can be witnessed and recorded, serving as foundational data in scientific studies.
  • Observations can be classified as both quantitative (measurable) and qualitative (descriptive).

Hypotheses and Theories

  • A hypothesis is a potential explanation for a set of observations pending testing.
  • A theory offers a probable explanation supported by a significant body of evidence and testing.
  • A hypothesis may develop into a theory if substantiated through research and evidence.

Scientific Laws and Models

  • A natural law is a statement describing consistent patterns observed in nature, such as "what goes up must come down."
  • Scientific models, like "the earth revolves around the sun," simplify complex systems for better understanding.
  • Scientific laws cannot be broken; they represent established truths in scientific observation.

The Scientific Method

  • The scientific method involves experiments designed to gather data supporting or refuting hypotheses.
  • Experiments help increase understanding by providing new observations relevant to hypotheses or theories.
  • The scientific method may not apply universally to all human problems, indicating the need for critical assessment in varying contexts.

Nature of Chemistry

  • Chemistry is referred to as the "central science" due to its foundational role in understanding more complex physical and biological processes.
  • Chemistry examines both the nature of materials and the changes they undergo during different reactions.
  • Mass is conserved during chemical changes, signifying that the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products.

Types of Observations

  • Qualitative observations describe qualities, such as "red apples are sweeter than green apples."
  • Quantitative observations provide numerical data, like "apples are more than 90% water" or "large cars get fewer miles per gallon than small cars."

Interpretations and Examples

  • Interpretations turn observations into conclusions, for instance, stating that "Michael Jordan was the best basketball player."
  • Examples of scientific hypotheses include:
    • Lowering speed limits results in fewer accidents.
    • Second-hand smoke causes health problems.
  • Observational examples include:
    • Waitresses in smoking bars have higher rates of breathing problems.
    • Acid rain will erode marble statues.

Summary of Key Concepts

  • Scientific theories, like "CFCs damage the ozone layer," are subject to reevaluation as new evidence arises.
  • Qualitative and quantitative observations are essential in drawing conclusions and forming hypotheses.
  • Theories and hypotheses differ in that theories have broader scientific validation while hypotheses require testing.
  • A good scientific theory is predictive and applicable under diverse conditions, which is essential for its credibility.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 1 of the science curriculum. This quiz covers important terms such as measurement, observation, and hypothesis. Perfect for reviewing foundational scientific ideas.

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