Science Vocabulary and Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the best explanation of how a smooth round stone became smooth?

It was in a stream for a long time.

What is the process called when a lobster grows a claw to replace one that was lost?

Regeneration.

What do we call any astronomical body that revolves around a larger body?

A satellite.

What must a substance contain to be classified as an organic substance?

<p>Carbon atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element does NOT contain any neutrons?

<p>Hydrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the chemical formula of a compound describe?

<p>The elements the compound contains and the ratio of elements in the compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the hydroxyl ion?

<p>Н3O.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a renewable resource?

<p>Natural gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many atoms are in a single molecule of water (H2O)?

<ol start="3"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Regeneration in man is limited to what?

<p>Healing of wounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When scientists measure a liquid's resistance to flow, what are they measuring?

<p>Viscosity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When sodium atoms form sodium ions, what do they do?

<p>Lose electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can a perpetual-motion machine never be built?

<p>It is not possible to eliminate inertia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a human skin cell divide?

<p>By mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the filament in an electric light bulb made from?

<p>Tungsten.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many sales must Terry make to earn $765 altogether if he earns a $250 salary plus $5 per sale?

<ol start="103"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

If Jerry walked a dog from 6:40 a.m. to 7:30 a.m. and was paid at the rate of $6 per hour, how much did he earn that day?

<p>$5.00.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many feet of chain fence are necessary to enclose a dog pen that is square and has an area of 64 square feet?

<ol start="32"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

If a woman finds an office twice the area of her current office, and the perimeter of her current office is 88 feet, how many square feet is the new office?

<p>968 sq ft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long will it take for a train traveling downhill twice as fast as it can go uphill to travel 45 miles on flat land if it goes 120 miles per hour downhill?

<p>1/2 hour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the new rent per month if a restaurant's rent is adjusted to the cost-of-living index at 3.7% from $1,550 a month?

<p>$1,607.35.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability of a child randomly taking a green marble from a bag containing 9 red and 6 green marbles?

<p>0.66.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of sales of puppies to kittens in dollar terms if the pet store had 6 puppies selling for $104 each and 12 kittens selling for $24 each?

<p>13 to 3.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of the second box if the first box is square with each side measuring 10 units, and the second box has twice the volume with a height of 5 units and width of 10 units?

<p>16 units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of the perimeters of two squares if the ratio of their sides is 3:1?

<p>4:1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the area of the garden if the perimeter is 168 feet?

<p>441 sq ft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much would salmon cost per pound at the supermarket if it is $5.40 per pound at a fish market and this is 150% of its cost there?

<p>$3.60.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many more copies per minute will the faster press print than the slower press if one prints 15,000 copies in 60 minutes and the other prints 6,000 copies in 20 minutes?

<ol start="50"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What percent of the old population is the new population if the population of a city increased by 25% in two years?

<p>125%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fraction of the estate did Debra receive if she and Ian shared a $1,000,000 estate, and Ian received $125,000?

<p>7/8.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'emphasize' most nearly mean?

<p>Accentuate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'perilous' most nearly mean?

<p>Hazardous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'inept' most nearly mean?

<p>Bungling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'adage' most nearly mean?

<p>Proverb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'admonition' most nearly mean?

<p>Warning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'decry' most nearly mean?

<p>Disparage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'moratorium' most nearly mean?

<p>Suspension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'cajole' most nearly mean?

<p>Wheedle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'nepotism' refer to?

<p>Hiring relatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'contentious' most nearly mean?

<p>Quarrelsome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'unpretentious' most nearly mean?

<p>Simple.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'broach' most nearly mean?

<p>Mention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'communique' most nearly mean?

<p>Message.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'virulent' most nearly mean?

<p>Abrasive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'lambaste' most nearly mean?

<p>Chastise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main gases that make up stars?

<p>Hydrogen and helium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two people together earn $28,000 and one earns $2,000 more than the other, how much is the smaller income?

<p>$13,000.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If Shawn purchased a shirt for $22.05 including a 5% sales tax, what was the actual price of the shirt?

<p>$20.95.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'prestige' most nearly mean?

<p>Status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'construe' most nearly mean?

<p>Interpret.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about Roosevelt from the passage regarding his use of the media?

<p>He was a president who recognized the power of the press.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What illustrates the correct sequence of events in the passage about Kennicott mine?

<p>Copper drew prospectors, copper ran out, town abandoned, tourist attraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What simple question did physicists seek answers for, according to the passage?

<p>How fast do stones of a particular size fall?</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the passage about allergies state about medical science?

<p>Medical science does not fully understand why the body has an allergic reaction to certain substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage about time, how is time typically measured?

<p>Relative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best example of seeing, as described in the passage?

<p>She was surprised by the shiny black shell and odd limbs of the beetle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of events according to the passage about cactus rustling?

<p>Lacey Act passage, cactus popularity, cactus rustling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern of the passage about humorous writing?

<p>Lack of respect given to humorous writing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When were the hundred-year-old trees planted in Pierce Park?

<p>They were planted in the early 1800s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be implied about the oil quota program?

<p>The quota for petroleum products was the same as for crude oil products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If A = 6 and B = 5, what is the value of (A² - B²)²?

<ol start="121"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors of x² + 4x + 3?

<p>(x + 3)(x + 1).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Simplify: 3/5x + x.

<p>8/5x.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation can be used to find the length of the remaining side of a right triangle with a hypotenuse of 14 units and a side that is 9 units long?

<p>x² = 14² - 9².</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of 3!?

<ol start="6"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors of 2x² + xy - 3y²?

<p>(2x + 3y)(x - 3y).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reciprocals of 2/3, 1/8, and 5?

<p>2 - 2/5.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 8b - ab + 7a subtracted from 3a - 9ab + b?

<p>4a - 10ab + 9b.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of (a - 1) and (2a + 2)?

<p>2(a² - 1).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reciprocal of 3 - 1/5?

<p>5/16.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the slope of the line that connects the two points A(2, 4) and B(-2, -4)?

<ol start="2"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a prime number?

<ol> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

In the formula C = 5/9(F - 32), if C = 35, what is F?

<ol start="95"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following equations' graphs are NOT straight lines?

<p>y = x² + 3.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the area of a triangle with a base of 8 feet and a height of 4 feet?

<p>16 square feet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tool is used to remove a module from an electronic assembly?

<p>Chip puller.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Silicon chips are primarily used in what?

<p>Integrated circuits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a standard multimeter NOT measure?

<p>Frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When current flow is interrupted by a blown fuse, what happens to the circuit?

<p>The circuit becomes open.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does this symbol represent?

<p>Transformer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When measuring resistance with an ohmmeter, what should be done?

<p>Disconnect power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In this schematic, what is the total resistance?

<p>100 ohms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of current do utility company power lines carry?

<p>AC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is it called when wire conductors are coated with solder?

<p>Tinning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for an electric current to flow?

<p>A difference of potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the component pictured?

<p>Ceramic capacitor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which device restricts current flow to a single direction?

<p>Diode.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part revolves in a motor or generator?

<p>Armature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of resistance in an AC transformer circuit?

<p>Impedance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The catalytic converter is part of what system?

<p>Emission control system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the master cylinder?

<p>Apply hydraulic pressure to the wheel cylinders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part is part of a conventional distributor?

<p>Rotor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the auto component shown here?

<p>Electric fuel pump.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What automotive component is being pointed to?

<p>Rings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many crankshafts are there in a V-8 automobile engine?

<ol> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of wrench should be used to tighten engine components such as manifolds and cylinder heads?

<p>Torque wrench.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is coolant flow through an engine regulated?

<p>By the thermostat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the starter gear disengage from the car's flywheel?

<p>To avoid damage to the starter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance between the electrode and the grounding strap of a spark plug called?

<p>Gap.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'infiltrate' most nearly mean?

<p>Penetrate, invade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vocabulary Definitions

  • A smooth round stone becomes smooth from prolonged exposure in a stream.
  • Regeneration is the process used by lobsters to regrow lost claws.
  • A satellite refers to any astronomical body that orbits a larger body.
  • Organic substances in chemistry must contain carbon atoms.
  • Hydrogen is the only element that does not have any neutrons.
  • The chemical formula of a compound indicates the elements it contains and their ratios.
  • The symbol for the hydroxyl ion is H₃O.
  • Natural gas is considered a renewable resource.

Chemistry Concepts

  • A molecule of water (H₂O) consists of three atoms.
  • Regeneration in humans is limited to healing wounds.
  • The viscosity of a liquid measures its resistance to flow.
  • Sodium ions are formed when sodium atoms lose electrons.

Physics and Energy

  • A perpetual-motion machine cannot exist due to the impossibility of eliminating inertia.
  • The filament in an electric bulb is made from tungsten.
  • In a simple circuit, when current is interrupted by a blown fuse, it becomes an open circuit.
  • The terms voltage difference and potential difference are critical for electricity to flow.

Mathematics and Reasoning

  • To find Terry's total earnings when earning a salary plus commission, he needs to make 103 sales to reach $765.
  • Jerry earns $5 from walking a dog for 50 minutes.
  • A square pen with 64 square feet requires 32 feet of fencing.
  • The area of a new office that is double the current 88-foot perimeter space is 968 square feet.
  • A train traveling downhill at 120 mph takes 0.5 hours to cover 45 miles on flat land.
  • The new monthly rent after a 3.7% increase from $1,550 is $1,607.35.
  • The probability of randomly selecting a green marble from a bag containing red and green marbles is 0.66.

Ratio and Proportion

  • In a pet store, the ratio of sales of puppies to kittens is found to be 13 to 3.
  • The length of a box, when given dimensions, can be calculated to be 16 units.
  • If the sides of two squares are in a 3:1 ratio, their perimeters will be in a 4:1 ratio.
  • The area of a square garden with a perimeter of 84 feet is 441 square feet.

Electrical Concepts

  • A silicon chip is primarily used in integrated circuits.
  • Multimeters do not measure frequency.
  • A device that restricts current flow in one direction is called a diode.
  • The catalytic converter is part of the emission control system in vehicles.

General Knowledge

  • Two main gases in stars are hydrogen and helium.
  • The concept of relativity is illustrated when discussing how time is measured against different celestial bodies.
  • The Lacey Act criminalizes the removal of cacti from state-owned land.
  • The effect of various taxes and price increases on items like salmon can illustrate changes in market prices.

Additional Concepts

  • The slope of a line connecting two points in a coordinate system can be mathematically derived.
  • The term "infiltrate" means to penetrate or invade, applicable in various contexts.
  • The function of a master cylinder in a braking system is to apply hydraulic pressure.

Automotive Knowledge

  • The presence of eight crankshafts in a V-8 engine is critical for its function.
  • Torque wrenches are essential for tightening engine components securely.
  • The thermostat in an engine controls coolant flow and maintains operational temperature.

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Test your knowledge on essential vocabulary and concepts from chemistry and physics. This quiz covers definitions, processes, and scientific terms to enhance your understanding of these disciplines. Prepare to challenge your memory and grasp of scientific principles!

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