Science Basics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of using scientific notation?

To simplify extremely large or small numbers. (correct)

To convert numbers into fractions.

To provide precise calculations only.

To estimate the values of measurements.

How many significant figures are in the measurement 0.0034 mL?

2 (correct)

Which of the following is the correct scientific notation for 320,000,000,000,000,000,000?

3.2 x 10^20 (correct)

0.32 x 10^20

3.2 x 10^18

32 x 10^17

If a thermometer indicates a temperature closest to what value, would the appropriate reading be?

5.0ºC (D) Signup and view all the answers

When estimating the length of an object, which of the following would be acceptable?

4.6 cm (A), 4.5 cm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of bronze?

Copper and tin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up volume (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of synthetic matter?

Polyester (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a heterogeneous mixture?

Visible different parts that can be separated (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which substances are categorized as matter?

Milk and air (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why are units important in measurements?

Units allow for easy conversion between different measurements (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which metric unit is equivalent to 1,000 grams?

1 kilogram (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is true about chemicals?

They have the same composition and properties wherever found (C) Signup and view all the answers

How is volume calculated according to the measurements provided?

Length x Width x Height (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which step is NOT part of the scientific method?

Confirm the hypothesis without testing (B) Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates exact numbers from inexact numbers?

Exact numbers result from counting or defined quantities. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes naturally occurring matter?

It exists without human intervention (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which example is NOT a type of matter?

Sunlight (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the equivalent of 1 milliliter in cubic centimeters?

1 cm3 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step of the scientific method?

Make observations and ask questions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between kilometers and meters?

1 km = 1,000 m (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does a conclusion in the scientific method indicate?

The hypothesis may be considered either true or false based on experimental results. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What would happen to a hypothesis if experimental results do not support it?

It is modified or rejected based on the results. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the state of matter known as solid?

Maintains its shape regardless of its container and has a definite volume. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do the properties of liquids differ from those of solids?

Liquids have a definite volume but can change shape based on their container. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is an observation in the scientific method?

I sneezed after interacting with the cat. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the scientific method, which of the following would represent a hypothesis?

Your friend has a cat that might be the cause of your symptoms. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT true about gases?

Gases have a definite volume. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is a conclusion drawn from scientific studies?

Scientific studies have shown that exercises lower blood pressure. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit?

oF = 1.8(oC) + 32 (A) Signup and view all the answers

If the outdoor temperature is 36.5 °C, what is the equivalent temperature in Fahrenheit, rounded to one decimal place?

98.1 °F (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct way to convert from Kelvin to Celsius?

oC = K - 273 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties is considered an extrinsic property?

Mass (B) Signup and view all the answers

When ice is placed in water, what can be said about its density in relation to water?

Ice is less dense than water. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How is the density of an object defined mathematically?

Density = Mass / Volume (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an intrinsic property?

Boiling point (C) Signup and view all the answers

What will happen when a piece of magnesium is placed in liquid carbon tetrachloride?

Magnesium will sink. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct conversion factor to convert 325 mg to grams?

1 g = 1000 mg (A) Signup and view all the answers

If you want to convert 130 lb to kilograms using the factor-label method, which factor should be in the denominator?

2.21 lb (D) Signup and view all the answers

After converting 325 mg to grams, what would be the correct answer in grams with the correct significant figures?

0.325 g (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the factor-label method primarily rely on?

Units cancellation (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the conversion of 130 lb to kg, the resulting quantity is approximately what?

59 kg (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the setup of the factor-label method for the conversion of 325 mg?

The desired unit should always be in the numerator. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using significant figures in conversions?

To reflect the precision of the measurement (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many significant figures would the final answer have after converting 325 mg to grams?

3 significant figures (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Chemistry

Chemistry is the study of matter—its composition, properties, and transformations.
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).

Types of Matter

Naturally occurring matter: Cotton, silk, hair, sand, gemstones, digoxin (a cardiac drug).
Synthetic (human-made) matter: Nylon, polyester, styrofoam, ibuprofen, many antibiotics.
Matter encompasses all substances forming our world: antacid tablets, water, glass, and air.

Atoms and Matter

Chemistry is the study of matter's composition, structure, and properties, and the changes it undergoes.
All matter is made up of basic building blocks called atoms.

Chemicals

Chemicals are substances with consistent composition and properties across various locations.
Many common daily uses contain chemicals, such as toothpaste (calcium carbonate, sorbitol, sodium lauryl sulfate, titanium dioxide, triclosan, sodium fluorophosphate, methyl salicylate).
Kitchen chemicals include silicon dioxide (glass), chemically treated water, metal alloys, natural polymers, and natural gas; fruits grown with fertilizers and pesticides.

The Scientific Method

It comprises general principles governing scientific thinking.
Four steps are involved: observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and conclusion.
Observations are made about nature; a hypothesis is proposed to explain observations.
Experiments test the hypothesis.
Conclusions determine if the hypothesis is correct or false.

Examples of Observations, Hypotheses, Experiments, Conclusions. - Study Check Question

If your friend gets a cat and you start sneezing this can lead to the conclusion that you are allergic to cats.

Classification of Matter

Pure substance: A substance with definite composition.
- Elements: Cannot be broken down chemically
- Compounds: Composed of 2 or more elements joined chemically
Mixture: Composed of more than one component
- Homogeneous mixture: Uniform composition throughout; e.g., brass (copper and zinc).
- Heterogeneous mixture: Non-uniform composition; e.g., water and copper in solution.
- Examples include salad, dressing, and a mixture of candies.

Measurements

Measurements always involve a number and a unit.
The metric system uses units like meters (length), liters (volume), and grams (mass).
Example: 1 meter = 100 centimeters.
Exact numbers result from counts or definitions.
Inexact numbers result from measurements and contain uncertainty.

Significant Figures

Significant figures (sig figs) refer to the meaningful digits in a measurement.
Rules for determining significant figures:
- Non-zero digits are always significant.
- Zeros between non-zero digits are significant.
- Zeros at the end of a number containing a decimal point are significant.
- Zeros at the beginning of a number are not significant.
Rules for rounding off numbers.
Rules for addition and subtraction.
Rules for multiplication and division.

Scientific Notation

Used to represent very large or very small numbers concisely.
Consists of a coefficient (between 1 and 10) and an exponent (power of 10).

SI system

The International System of Units (SI) is the standard system of units used in chemistry.
- Length (meter, m).
- Volume (cubic meter, m³).
- Mass (kilogram, kg).
- Temperature (Kelvin, K).
- Time (second, s).

Density

Density is the relationship between mass and volume.
Density=Mass/Volume.

Density, Specific Gravity and Temperature Conversions

Density is the ratio of mass to volume.
Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water.
Temperature conversions between Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.

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Description

Test your knowledge on fundamental scientific concepts, including scientific notation, significant figures, and the properties of matter. This quiz covers essential topics that are foundational for understanding scientific measurements and classifications.