Science and Technology in Philippine History

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following was a priority identified in relation to the coconut industry development?

Importing foreign technology

Increasing tariffs on coconut exports

Reducing domestic production costs

Exporting winners identified by the DTI (correct)

What does Republic Act 7687 provide for?

Funding for agricultural development projects

Grants for scientific research in the Philippines

Scholarships for talented students from low socio-economic backgrounds (correct)

Incentives for coconut farmers

Which event facilitated the easier travel from the Philippines to Europe?

Galleon Trade

Opening of the Suez Canal (correct)

Spanish colonization

Establishment of the Manila-Acapulco route

What is the primary purpose of the Magna Carta for Scientists?

To establish additional benefits for S&T employees (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the first institution established by the Americans in charge of biochemical studies?

Bureau of Science (A) Signup and view all the answers

What notable invention is Fe Del Mundo known for?

Bamboo Incubator (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contributions is attributed to Maria Orosa?

Soyalac (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is Gregorio Zara best known for in the field of technology?

Inventing the first two-way videophone (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which medical field is Germiano De Ocampo primarily associated with?

Ophthalmology (B) Signup and view all the answers

What major establishment did Germiano De Ocampo found in 1952?

De Ocampo Eye Hospital (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of Luz Oliveros-Belardo's research?

Herbal medicine and plant extracts (B) Signup and view all the answers

What significant medical advancement did Germiano De Ocampo introduce?

Corneal transplant procedures (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which invention is NOT associated with Maria Orosa?

Dried fish preservation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which practice is indicative of the scientific knowledge systems of pre-colonial Filipinos?

Use of medicinal plants by Babaylans (A) Signup and view all the answers

What evidence demonstrates the engineering skills of early Filipinos?

The Banaue Rice Terraces (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the lunar cycle was significant for pre-colonial Filipinos?

Guiding agricultural planting times (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Ifugao tribe member known as 'Manomnoman' have?

Time-keeper (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a prominent agricultural practice of ancient Filipinos?

Effective rice farming techniques (D) Signup and view all the answers

What item is an example of ancient Filipino writing included in pre-colonial achievements?

Baybayin inscriptions on bamboo (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which misconception about the Spanish colonial period is common regarding its impact on local science and technology?

It entirely halted all Filipino advancements. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one way Filipinos demonstrated engineering skills in the pre-colonial era?

Building the Banaue Rice Terraces (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was the first school for girls during the Spanish occupation era?

Colegio de Santa Potenciana (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was established during the American Period to enhance science and technology in the Philippines?

Bureau of Government Laboratories (B) Signup and view all the answers

What significant development occurred in the Philippine education system during the American Period?

The arrival of the Thomasites as public school teachers (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which notable church was built during the Spanish occupation era?

Paoay Church (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Science and Technology Agenda for National Development (STAND) established in 1993?

To advance science and technology in the Philippines (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following institutions was established in 1901 during the American Period?

Philippine Normal School (B) Signup and view all the answers

What shift occurred as a result of the opening of the Suez Canal during the Spanish occupation?

Rise of international trade routes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Ilustrados' refer to during the Spanish era?

Enlightened Filipino reformists (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Learning Outcomes

Discuss significant events in the development of Science and Technology (S&T) in the Philippines during the Pre-colonial Era, Spanish Colonial Era, American Period, and Post-Commonwealth Period.
Recognize the contributions of Filipinos in the field of Science and Technology through different inventions from the past to the present.

Pre-Colonial Period

Filipino ancestors possessed scientific knowledge systems and practices.
Examples include practices like healing rituals using medicinal plants by Babaylans or Albularyos.
Evidence exists of a bamboo bow inscribed with Hanunó'o characters from Mangyans in Mindoro, demonstrating writing systems.
The phases of the moon ("Buan") were used as time markers.
The Ifugao tribe had a designated timekeeper called "Manomnoman."
Filipinos were skilled farmers before the arrival of Spaniards.
They developed and used pre-colonial ships like Balangay and Karakoa.
Filipinos were adept at weaving and mining techniques.
The Banaue Rice terraces showcase their engineering and agricultural skills.

Spanish Occupation Era

The Spanish colonization era played a part in developing Filipinos' scientific knowledge and skills.
The era may or may not have been a hindrance to S&T progress.
Schools were established during this era, including Colegio de San Ignacio (boys' school), Colegio de Santa Potenciana (girls' school), Beaterio de Santa Catalina de Siena, Colegio de Santa Isabel, Colegio de La Inmaculada Concepción de La Concordia, Universidad de Santo Tomas, and Ateneo Municipal de Manila.
The Manila Observatory was established.
Galleon Trade, Polo Y Servicios, and Encomienda System were key aspects during the Spanish period.
The Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte is a notable historical structure.
The opening of the Suez Canal impacted Philippines-Europe travel.
Illustradors were educated Filipinos who played significant roles.

American Period

Studying how the arrival of the Americans in the Philippines improved S&T is important.
The Thomasites were the first public school teachers.
The Philippine Normal School was established in 1901.
The Bureau of Government Laboratories and the Bureau of Science were important for biochemical studies.
The Bureau of Science evolved into the Institute of Science (IS), Institute of Science and Technology (IST), National Science Board (NSB), National Science Development Board (NSDB), and the National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA).
The agency NSTA was reorganized as the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) in 1987.
The establishment of the National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP) was significant.

Post-Commonwealth Era

The Science and Technology Agenda for National Development (STAND) was introduced in 1993, establishing export goals and fostering domestic needs, like promoting support industries and coconut development.
Republic Act 8439 (DOST Magna Carta for Scientists) introduced incentive systems for Philippine S&T employees.
Republic Act 7687 (Science and Technology Scholarships Law) was enacted to offer scholarships to talented students facing socioeconomic challenges.

Filipino Contributions to S&T

Dr. Fe del Mundo: a prominent pediatrician, humanitarian, and leader in the Philippines' medical field known for her contributions to pediatric hospital development. Key accomplishments include founding Fe Del Mundo Medical Center (also known as Children's Medical Center); becoming the first woman pediatrician to be accepted at Harvard Medical School; and being the first woman to receive the national scientist award in the Philippines. She also invented the bamboo incubator.
Maria Orosa: a chemist, pharmacist, and a food scientist who was involved in the creation of various ingredients and food products such as banana ketchup, rice bran, soylac, pineapple vinegar, fruit preserves, jams, and more. She was a freedom fighter.
Gregorio Zara: an aeronautical engineer and physicist. Involved in many inventions, including videophone (father of videoconferencing), alcohol and solar-powered engines and a mechanical water heater. Key accomplishment of Zara include discovering 'Zara Effect', which is involved in electrical resistance.
Dr. Germiniano de Ocampo: instrumental in the introduction of modern ophthalmology methods in the Philippines, such as corneal transplant and the design of corneal dissectors. He founded the Philippine Eye Bank in 1950 and the De Ocampo Eye Hospital in 1952; he also served as the founder and first president of the Philippine Ophthalmological Society.
Luz Oliveros-Belardo: a chemist who researched and developed medicinal remedies, especially plant-based extracts. She discovered at least 33 new essential oils/plant extracts/remedies.

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Description

Explore the significant events in the development of Science and Technology in the Philippines from the Pre-colonial Era to the Post-Commonwealth Period. This quiz highlights notable contributions by Filipinos and the practices that shaped their scientific knowledge systems.