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Questions and Answers
What is a paradigm shift?
What is a paradigm shift?
The Ptolemaic Theory supports heliocentric understanding.
The Ptolemaic Theory supports heliocentric understanding.
False
What theory did the invention of the telescope strengthen?
What theory did the invention of the telescope strengthen?
Copernican Theory
The theory that states 'Objects have inertia' is known as ____________.
The theory that states 'Objects have inertia' is known as ____________.
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What is one of the features of Darwinian Theory?
What is one of the features of Darwinian Theory?
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What term describes the working on an established dominant theory?
What term describes the working on an established dominant theory?
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Match the following old paradigms with their new paradigms:
Match the following old paradigms with their new paradigms:
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Study Notes
Paradigm Shifts & Scientific Revolution
- Paradigm Definition: A set of standards and perspectives that shape understanding of the natural world, leading to scientific revolutions through paradigm shifts.
Historical Examples of Paradigm Shifts
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Ptolemaic Theory:
- Geocentric view: Earth is static and centered in the Universe.
- Supported anthropocentrism and endorsed by the Catholic Church.
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Copernican Theory:
- Heliocentric model: The Sun is the center of the Solar System.
- Challenged biblical scripture, reinforced by telescope advancements.
- Key trigger for the Copernican Revolution.
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Aristotelian Physics:
- Belief that objects come to rest naturally; heavenly bodies move in perfect circles.
- Required external force (push/pull) for object motion.
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Newtonian Physics:
- Introduced concepts of inertia and universal laws of motion and gravity.
- This shift led to the Newtonian Revolution.
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Creationism:
- View that a divine creator designed living things in their current forms.
- Humans seen as created in God’s image.
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Darwinian Theory:
- Introduced Natural Selection: organisms evolve to adapt to their environment.
- Inheritance of characteristics and common ancestry with primates.
- Catalyst for the Darwinian Revolution.
Process of Change in Science
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Normal Science: Focuses on established dominant theories (e.g., Blending Inheritance).
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Model Drift: Insignificant discrepancies occur; not urgently problematic (e.g., unexpected traits in offspring).
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Model Crisis: Accumulation of unexplained results, necessitating reevaluation (e.g., Mendel’s experiments on inheritance).
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Model Revolution: New theory proposed in response to crises (e.g., Mendel’s Law of Dominance).
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Paradigm Change: Widespread acceptance of the new theory (e.g., Mendelian Genetics).
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Return to Normal Science: Refinement of the new framework and integration (e.g., study of polygenic traits).
Societal Paradigm Shifts across Various Domains
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Retail: Shift from traditional stores to e-commerce.
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Television: Transition from cable TV to streaming services.
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Payment Methods: Move from cash and checks to e-wallets and mobile banking.
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Media Consumption: Evolution from print media to digital platforms.
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Energy Sources: Shift from fossil fuels to electric vehicles.
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Work Setup: Transition from onsite work to work from home or flexible arrangements.
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Transportation: Move from personal car usage to ridesharing applications.
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Fitness: Change from gyms and personal trainers to wearable health trackers.
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Description
This quiz explores the concepts of paradigm shifts and scientific revolutions as part of the Science, Technology, and Society curriculum. Students will examine historical examples, such as the Ptolemaic Theory, and how these beliefs have evolved over time. Test your understanding of how paradigms influence scientific progress.
