Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of a model crisis?
What is a characteristic of a model crisis?
- It involves presenting scientific evidence that contradicts dominant theories. (correct)
- It results in a return to normal science.
- It leads to immediate acceptance of a new theory.
- It occurs only in the realm of social sciences.
Which example fits the concept of a new paradigm in transportation?
Which example fits the concept of a new paradigm in transportation?
- Bicycle
- Ridesharing apps (correct)
- Personal Car
- Public Bus
What does the return to normal science involve?
What does the return to normal science involve?
- Ignoring past scientific evidence.
- Accepting multiple theories as equally valid.
- Refining a new framework within an accepted paradigm. (correct)
- Initiating a new model crisis.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a new paradigm?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a new paradigm?
In which stage can inconsistencies in a scientific model be overlooked?
In which stage can inconsistencies in a scientific model be overlooked?
Which concept exemplifies the transition from old to new paradigms in media?
Which concept exemplifies the transition from old to new paradigms in media?
Which of the following statements is true about paradigm shifts?
Which of the following statements is true about paradigm shifts?
Which example best illustrates a shift in payment paradigms?
Which example best illustrates a shift in payment paradigms?
What does the term 'paradigm' refer to in the context of scientific revolutions?
What does the term 'paradigm' refer to in the context of scientific revolutions?
What major concept did Darwin introduce regarding the evolution of organisms?
What major concept did Darwin introduce regarding the evolution of organisms?
How did the Copernican Theory challenge existing beliefs?
How did the Copernican Theory challenge existing beliefs?
What shift in belief was characteristic of the transition from Ptolemaic to Copernican Theory?
What shift in belief was characteristic of the transition from Ptolemaic to Copernican Theory?
In the context of Aristotelian Physics, what was believed about the motion of objects?
In the context of Aristotelian Physics, what was believed about the motion of objects?
What does 'normal science' refer to in the context of scientific paradigms?
What does 'normal science' refer to in the context of scientific paradigms?
Which belief is consistent with Darwinian Theory regarding human evolution?
Which belief is consistent with Darwinian Theory regarding human evolution?
What outcome results from a 'model crisis' in scientific paradigms?
What outcome results from a 'model crisis' in scientific paradigms?
Flashcards
Paradigm
Paradigm
A set of shared assumptions, beliefs, values, and practices that define a scientific community.
Scientific Revolution
Scientific Revolution
A major shift in scientific understanding that changes the way we perceive the natural world.
Normal Science
Normal Science
A period of normal scientific activity focused on refining an established dominant theory.
Model Drift
Model Drift
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Model Crisis
Model Crisis
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Natural Selection
Natural Selection
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Geocentric Theory
Geocentric Theory
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Heliocentric Theory
Heliocentric Theory
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Model Revolution
Model Revolution
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Paradigm Shift
Paradigm Shift
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Return to Normal Science
Return to Normal Science
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Scientific Progress
Scientific Progress
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Study Notes
Paradigm Shifts in Scientific Revolution
- A paradigm is a set of standards, concepts, and perspectives.
- A paradigm shift significantly alters how the natural world is understood, leading to a scientific revolution.
Old Belief: Creationism
- God created all living things in their current form.
- Humans are created in God's image.
New Belief: Darwinian Theory
- Organisms evolved to thrive in their environment, driven by natural selection.
- Characteristics are inherited from parents.
- Humans evolved from a common ancestor with primates.
Old Belief: Ptolemaic Theory
- Earth is the center of the universe.
- Supported by anthropocentrism (humans are central).
- Accepted by Catholicism.
New Belief: Copernican Theory
- The Sun is the center of the solar system (heliocentric).
- Challenged biblical scriptures.
- Supported by the invention of the telescope.
- Led to the Copernican Revolution.
Old Belief: Aristotelian Physics
- Objects naturally come to rest.
- Heavenly bodies move in perfect circles.
- Objects need force to keep moving.
New Belief: Newtonian Physics
- Objects have inertia (tendency to stay still or move at a constant velocity).
- Laws of motion and universal law of gravity apply in space and on Earth, leading to the Newtonian Revolution.
Kuhn's Cycle
- Normal Science: Working within an established paradigm.
- Paradigm Change: Established dominant theory is challenged and replaced by new one.
- Model Drift: Minor adjustments to the accepted theory.
- Model Crisis: Accumulated unexplainable results challenge the existing theory.
- Model Revolution: Proposed new theories and concepts.
Other Examples of Paradigm Shifts
- Retail: Traditional stores to e-commerce.
- Payment: Cash to mobile wallets.
- Media: Cable TV to streaming.
- Energy: Fossil fuels to renewable options.
- Work setup: Onsite to remote work.
- Transportation: Personal cars to ride sharing and electric vehicles.
- Fitness: Gyms and trainers to wearable fitness trackers.
Check Your Understanding: True or False (Page 2)
- All paradigm shifts result in scientific revolutions. False
- Contradictions in scientific evidence lead to a model crisis. True
- Inconsistencies during model drift can be ignored. True
- An existing paradigm can always be replaced. True
- Ketogenic diet is an example of an old paradigm. True
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Description
Explore the significant paradigm shifts during the Scientific Revolution, contrasting old beliefs such as creationism and Ptolemaic Theory with groundbreaking new insights like Darwinian and Copernican theories. This quiz delves into how these shifts have shaped our understanding of the natural world and challenged established perspectives.
