28 Questions
What is the primary characteristic of positive symptoms in schizophrenia?
Excess distortion of normal function
What is the term for strongly held false beliefs that have no basis in reality?
Delusions
Which type of schizophrenia is characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms and a tendency to remain in a fixed position?
Catatonic
What is the primary method of diagnosing schizophrenia?
Clinical symptoms and observation
What is the term for a lack of motivation or interest in activities?
Avolition
What is the term for a disruption in normal thought patterns, resulting in difficulty expressing oneself?
Poverty of Speech
What is the minimum duration for which at least one symptom from section 1 and at least two symptoms from section 2 should be present to diagnose schizophrenia?
At least 1 month
What neurotransmitter is implicated in the dopamine theory of schizophrenia?
Dopamine
What is the function of serotonergic projections to the prefrontal cortex?
Modulating cognitive effects
What is the primary cause of extrapyramidal side effects in first-generation antipsychotics?
Blockade of dopamine receptors
What is the primary difference between first-generation and second-generation antipsychotics?
Mode of action on dopamine receptors
What is the primary goal of treatment in schizophrenia?
All of the above
What is the name of the scale used to assess the efficacy of drug treatment in schizophrenia?
Clinical Global Impression (CGI)
What is the effect of 5-HT on dopamine release?
Decreases dopamine release
What is the role of glutamate in schizophrenia?
Evidences a glutamatergic hypofunctionality in frontal brain structures
What is the advantage of second-generation antipsychotics over first-generation antipsychotics?
All of the above
What is the mechanism of neutropenia caused by antipsychotic drugs?
Toxic effect to bone marrow
Which of the following is a predictable consequence of weight gain associated with atypical antipsychotic use?
Hyperglycemia
What is the primary goal of monitoring cardiovascular risk factors in patients taking antipsychotic drugs?
To reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease
What is the recommended treatment strategy for patients with resistant schizophrenia who have failed to respond to at least two antipsychotics?
Initiate clozapine and monitor for response
What is a critical factor in predicting a good prognostic outcome for patients with schizophrenia?
Lack of pre-morbid symptoms
What is the primary reason for mandatory monitoring of FBC in patients taking clozapine?
To monitor for bone marrow suppression
What is the primary goal of using long-acting injectable antipsychotics in treatment-resistant schizophrenia?
To increase patient adherence to medication regimens
What is the mechanism underlying the development of hyperprolactinaemia in response to antipsychotic treatment?
Inhibition of dopamine receptors in the tuberofindibular pathway
What is the primary mechanism of action of antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia?
Blockade of dopamine receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway
What is the primary risk factor for the development of torsades de pointes?
Prolongation of the QT interval
What is the primary treatment for acute extrapyramidal side effects?
Benzatropine or Procyclidine
What is the primary mechanism underlying the development of tardive dyskinesia?
Dopamine receptor supersensitivity in the basal ganglia
This quiz covers the symptoms of schizophrenia, including positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, and negative symptoms such as social withdrawal and poverty of speech. It also touches on impaired cognitive function and key symptom definitions.
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