Schizophrenia: Overview and Symptoms

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Questions and Answers

What is the name of a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves?

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia affects about 10% of the population.

False (B)

Which of the following are considered positive symptoms of Schizophrenia? (Select all that apply)

  • Delusions (correct)
  • Disorganized speech (correct)
  • Bizarre behavior (correct)
  • Anhedonia (lack of pleasure)
  • Social withdrawal
  • Hallucinations (correct)
  • Flattened affect

What is the term used for false beliefs that someone with Schizophrenia may experience?

<p>Delusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for a lack of pleasure or interest in activities that are normally enjoyable, often seen in Schizophrenia?

<p>Anhedonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cognitive symptom of Schizophrenia?

<p>Alogia (poverty of speech) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A strong genetic link associated with Schizophrenia indicates that if one family member has it, others are more likely to as well.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two neurotransmitters are involved in dysregulation in the context of Schizophrenia?

<p>Dopamine and glutamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following brain structures is often found to be different in individuals with Schizophrenia?

<p>Ventricles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stress is an environmental factor that has no impact on the development of Schizophrenia.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of medication is commonly used to manage Schizophrenia?

<p>Antipsychotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviation for Extrapyramidal Symptoms that can be a side effect of Antipsychotics?

<p>EPS</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a type of psychosocial support used for individuals with Schizophrenia.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviation for the community-based program focused on helping individuals with schizophrenia regain their independence and participate in their communities?

<p>ACT</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for a communication strategy that involves using clear and simple language when interacting with someone with Schizophrenia?

<p>Use clear, simple language</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Schizophrenia Definition

A severe mental disorder affecting thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech.

Schizophrenia Prevalence

Approximately 1% of the population is affected.

Positive Symptoms (Schizophrenia)

Symptoms that add to normal mental functioning, such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech.

Delusions (Schizophrenia)

False beliefs that are firmly held despite evidence to the contrary.

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Hallucinations (Schizophrenia)

False sensory perceptions, such as seeing or hearing things that aren't there.

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Disorganized Speech (Schizophrenia)

Speech that is rambling, illogical, and difficult to understand.

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Negative Symptoms (Schizophrenia)

Symptoms that subtract from normal functioning, such as flattened affect and social withdrawal.

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Flattened Affect

Reduced emotional expression, appearing emotionless.

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Alogia (Schizophrenia)

Poverty of speech—reduced speech output.

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Anhedonia (Schizophrenia)

Loss of interest or pleasure in activities.

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Cognitive Symptoms (Schizophrenia)

Impaired mental processes like attention, memory, and executive function.

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Prodromal Phase

The early phase of schizophrenia, characterized by subtle symptoms.

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Acute Phase

The phase of schizophrenia with full psychotic symptoms.

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Stabilization Phase

The phase where symptoms decrease and treatment continues.

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Maintenance Phase

Symptoms are under control, but some may remain.

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Biological Factors (Schizophrenia)

Factors like genetics, neurotransmitter issues, and brain structure.

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Genetic Link (Schizophrenia)

Increased risk for schizophrenia with family history.

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Neurotransmitter Dysregulation

Imbalance of dopamine and glutamate.

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Nursing Interventions (Schizophrenia)

Medication management, psychosocial support, and therapeutic communication.

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Antipsychotic Medications

Medications to manage psychotic symptoms.

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Social Skills Training

Learning appropriate social interactions.

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Study Notes

Schizophrenia: Introduction

  • Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic mental disorder affecting thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
  • Characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and cognitive impairments.
  • Affects approximately 1% of the population.

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Positive Symptoms

  • Delusions: False beliefs.
  • Hallucinations: False sensory perceptions.
  • Disorganized speech: Disjointed and illogical communication.
  • Bizarre behavior: Unusual and unpredictable actions.

Negative Symptoms

  • Flattened affect: Reduced emotional expression.
  • Alogia: Poverty of speech.
  • Anhedonia: Inability to experience pleasure.
  • Social withdrawal: Avoidance of social interactions.

Cognitive Symptoms

  • Impaired attention: Difficulty focusing.
  • Poor memory: Problems with remembering.
  • Executive dysfunction: Difficulty with planning and decision-making.

Phases of Schizophrenia

Prodromal Phase

  • Early, subtle symptoms, including social withdrawal or unusual behaviors.

Acute Phase

  • Full-blown psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, etc.) emerge.

Stabilization Phase

  • Symptoms begin to decrease under ongoing treatment.

Maintenance Phase

  • Stable functioning, though some symptoms might persist.

Etiology (Causes)

  • Biological factors: Genetic predisposition, neurotransmitter imbalances (dopamine and glutamate), brain structure abnormalities (enlarged ventricles, reduced gray matter), and possibly prenatal infections or stress.

Nursing Interventions

  • Medication management: Antipsychotics (first and second-generation), monitoring for side effects like extrapyramidal symptoms and metabolic syndrome.

  • Psychosocial support: Social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, family involvement.

Therapeutic Communication

  • Strategies: Use clear language, acknowledge feelings without validating false beliefs, and provide a structured environment to reduce anxiety.

Family and Community Support

  • Family education: Teach families about the illness, medication management, and coping strategies.

  • Community resources: Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) and psychosocial rehabilitation programs help manage symptoms and integrate individuals into the community.

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Introduction to Schizophrenia PDF

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