Schizophrenia Course and Genetics

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Questions and Answers

What aspect is associated with a poorer outcome in schizophrenia?

Shorter duration of disorder

Prominent negative symptoms (correct)

Higher incidence rates in women

Presence of mood symptoms

What factor shows equivalent risks for both sexes in schizophrenia?

Inclusion of more mood symptoms (correct)

Longer duration of disorder

Lower incidence rates in men

Presence of negative symptoms

In which year did Franz Kallmann conduct his significant family study related to schizophrenia?

1928

1948

1938 (correct)

1958

What is generally seen in men concerning the incidence rates of schizophrenia?

Higher incidence rates Signup and view all the answers

Which phase does the longitudinal course of schizophrenia include?

Chronic phase Signup and view all the answers

What type of symptoms is associated with a better outcome in schizophrenia?

Mood symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with poorer prognosis in schizophrenia?

Frequent mood symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods was used by Kallmann in his family study of schizophrenia?

Analysis of psychiatric hospital records Signup and view all the answers

How does the severity of a parent's schizophrenia affect their children?

The more severe the parent's disorder, the more likely the child is to develop schizophrenia. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of genes do identical twins share compared to fraternal twins?

100% for identical twins and 50% for fraternal twins. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of twin studies indicates that even identical twins can have different experiences?

They can have different prenatal and family experiences. Signup and view all the answers

How does culture influence the diagnosis of schizophrenia?

Different cultures report different rates and perceptions of schizophrenia. Signup and view all the answers

In which group is the proportionate diagnosis of schizophrenia reportedly higher?

African Americans than Caucasians. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of symptoms can be observed in the chronic/residual phase of schizophrenia?

A mix of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of different physical and social experiences among siblings?

They can experience vastly different outcomes in mental health. Signup and view all the answers

What type of impairments are noted in the premorbid phase of schizophrenia?

Mild motor, cognitive, and social impairments. Signup and view all the answers

Which chromosomes are identified as having genes associated with schizophrenia?

Chromosomes 8, 6, 22 Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the size of ventricles in individuals with schizophrenia?

Enlarged ventricles are observed more frequently. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neurological issues is commonly seen in children with a parent who has schizophrenia?

Abnormal reflexes Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of endophenotypes in schizophrenia refer to?

Understanding genetic risk through observable deficits Signup and view all the answers

Which research approach is currently being utilized to understand schizophrenia genes?

Combining genetic research with deficits assessment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the genetic influences of schizophrenia?

Multiple genes contribute to susceptibility. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge researchers face in identifying schizophrenia's genetic components?

The complexity of the disorder Signup and view all the answers

Which of these proteins is linked to chromosome 6 and schizophrenia?

Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 Signup and view all the answers

What does high expressed emotion (EE) in families contribute to regarding schizophrenia?

An increased risk of relapse after initial symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which emotional communication style is linked to schizophrenia relapse among families?

Expressed emotion (EE) Signup and view all the answers

According to the research, how do patients fare when they have limited contact with their families?

They show better outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What three factors did high levels of expressed emotion include that contribute to relapse?

Criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of family dynamics is emphasized in the expressed emotion model?

Perception of symptoms as controllable Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the relationship between family interactions and schizophrenia symptoms?

Interactions do not influence the onset of schizophrenia Signup and view all the answers

Who originally formulated the emotional communication style known as expressed emotion?

George W. Brown Signup and view all the answers

What is the general finding regarding the duration of time patients spend with their families after discharge?

Longer family interactions result in increased symptom recurrence Signup and view all the answers

What role do neuroleptic drugs play in treating schizophrenia?

They are used to reduce symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

High expressed emotion in a family predicts what outcome for people with chronic schizophrenia?

Higher likelihood of relapse. Signup and view all the answers

According to research, how much more likely are individuals from families with high expressed emotion to relapse?

3.7 times more likely. Signup and view all the answers

What did Kraepelin suggest about schizophrenia in the late 19th century?

It is a brain disease. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia?

To reduce relapse and improve cooperation. Signup and view all the answers

What assumption has been held about schizophrenia for over 100 years?

It necessitates a biological intervention. Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of having high expressed emotion in a family of a person with schizophrenia?

Increased likelihood of relapse. Signup and view all the answers

What type of treatments are neuroleptic drugs typically used with?

Psychosocial treatments. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Course and Outcome of Schizophrenia

The course and outcome of schizophrenia can vary from culture to culture.
In the United States, there are disproportionately more African Americans diagnosed with schizophrenia compared to Caucasians.
Studies show that the severity of a parent's schizophrenia influences the likelihood of their child developing it.
The more severe the parent's disorder, the more likely the child will inherit it.
There is a higher incidence rate of schizophrenia in men.

Genetics Influence

Genes play a role in making some individuals vulnerable to schizophrenia.
Regions of chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 20, and 22 are implicated in schizophrenia.
Three of the most reliable genetic influences on schizophrenia include NRG1 on chromosome 8, DTNBP1 on chromosome 6, and COMT on chromosome 22.
Identical twins share 100% of their genes and 100% of their environment, whereas fraternal twins share only about 50% of their genes and 100% of their environment.
Identical twins, despite sharing genes, can have different prenatal and family experiences, resulting in varying degrees of biological and environmental stress and different outcomes.

Brain Structure

Research suggests evidence of neurological damage in people with schizophrenia.
Many children with a parent with schizophrenia demonstrate subtle neurological problems, such as abnormal reflexes and inattentiveness.
Adults with schizophrenia show deficits in task performance and attention during reaction time exercises.
Enlarged ventricles are observed more frequently in men than in women.

Expressed Emotion

Expressed Emotion (EE) refers to a communication style characterized by high levels of criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement.
Research has indicated that families with high EE view schizophrenia symptoms as controllable and attribute them to patients' lack of effort.
High EE has been linked to an increased risk of relapse after initial symptoms are observed.
People with schizophrenia living in families with high EE are 3.7 times more likely to relapse compared to those in families with low EE.

Treatment of Schizophrenia

Treatment usually begins with neuroleptic drugs to reduce symptoms.
Psychosocial treatments are combined with medication to reduce relapse, compensate for skill deficits, and improve cooperation with treatment.
Researchers believe schizophrenia requires biological intervention due to its neurological basis.
The disorder was initially viewed as a brain disease in the late 19th century by Kraepelin.
There is a need for a combination of biological interventions and psychosocial therapies for optimal treatment.

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Description

Explore the complex dynamics of schizophrenia, including how its course and outcomes may differ across cultures. This quiz also delves into the genetic influences associated with the disorder, highlighting specific chromosomes linked to vulnerability. Test your knowledge on the interplay of genetics and environment in schizophrenia.