Biological Explanation for Schizophrenia and Genetic Inheritance

People with SZ had more dopamine receptors in their brains on post-mortem examination than control participants, supporting the ______ hypothesis.

If you are an identical twin of someone with schizophrenia, the probability of developing the disorder yourself is still less than 50% as shown by ______.

Abnormal activity in the brain may cause negative symptoms of SZ, or the negative symptoms themselves may cause the abnormal brain activity, presenting a ______-causation problem.

Biological explanations offer real-life application of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs, which can help patients manage symptoms like speech poverty or hallucinations, leading to gaining back ______.

Typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs provide temporary fixes to SZ patients, not a ______, limiting their practical application.

Gottesman found that identical twins have a 48% shared risk of SZ while non-identical twins share a 17% risk, suggesting that our risk of developing SZ increases as our genetic ______ increases.

Neural correlates are measures of activity and function in the brain that correlate with experiences; the ventral striatum has been linked to avolition, which is a ______ symptom of SZ.

The dopamine hypothesis suggests that excess levels of dopamine in the brain could cause symptoms of SZ, while recent updates include hypodopaminergia, where low levels of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex are believed to be responsible for some of the ______ symptoms of SZ.

One strength of the genetic explanation of SZ is that there is strong evidence for the importance of genes as a biological explanation; for example, Tienari et al found that children of schizophrenics are still at a heightened risk for SZ even when adopted into families that don’t have ______.

Aetiologically heterogeneous refers to the idea that SZ is inherited through genes with many interacting genes contributing to an individual's vulnerability to SZ, suggesting that genetic components could be a ______ of SZ.