Schistosomiasis: Introduction and Clinical Manifestations

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Questions and Answers

Which organ does S. haematobium primarily affect in humans?

  • Female genital system
  • Liver
  • Urinary tract (correct)
  • Intestine

What is a critical factor contributing to the spread of schistosomiasis in humans?

  • Dry climate
  • Poverty (correct)
  • Technology advancement
  • Industrialization

What has led to regional increases in schistosomiasis in some areas?

  • Reduced snail population
  • Construction of irrigation canals and dams (correct)
  • Forced migration due to armed conflict
  • Improved sanitation systems

Where do schistosome adults primarily live attached during copulation?

<p>Endothelium of the veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species of schistosome lives in the inferior mesenteric veins that drain the intestine?

<p>S. mansoni (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom of chronic schistosomiasis affects children?

<p>Physical growth and cognitive delays (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the schistosome life cycle involves migration through various capillary beds?

<p>Schistosomula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission for infection in the human host by schistosomes?

<p>Penetration through unbroken skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the hypersensitive itchy skin reaction caused by penetrating cercariae?

<p>Swimmer's itch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do adult schistosomes evade significant pathological damage in the host?

<p>By avoiding exposure to the host immune surveillance system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does egg deposition occur for S. mansoni to produce intestinal and hepatic fibrosis?

<p>Circulation of the small intestine and liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In individuals with large numbers of adult worms, where does heavy egg deposition predominantly occur?

<p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do clinical illnesses caused by schistosomiasis generally occur only in people with recurrent heavy worm burdens?

<p>Due to profound immunopathologic responses triggered by soluble egg antigens (SEAs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon accounts for almost all of the pathology and clinical manifestations of schistosomiasis?

<p>Egg deposition in the small intestine and liver circulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does immunocompromised individuals with HIV compare to similar individuals without HIV in terms of egg shedding in stool exams?

<p>HIV-infected individuals shed fewer eggs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the soluble secretions from schistosome eggs called, which trigger host inflammatory responses?

<p>Schistosome excretory-secretory antigens (SEAs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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