Scapula Anatomy Quiz

Scapula

• The scapula is a flat bone present in the shoulder girdle.
• It has two surfaces: lateral and medial, and is obliquely positioned cranioventrally.
• The scapula has three borders: convex, concave, and vertebral.
• The scapula's vertebral border is where the rhomboid muscles attach, and it has a cartilage surface.
• The lateral surface contains the spine of the scapula, which is where the trapezius muscle attaches.
• The spine also divides the lateral surface into two fossas: the supraspinous fossa and the infraspinous fossa.
• The supraspinous fossa is where the supraspinatus muscle attaches, and the infraspinous fossa is where the infraspinatus muscle attaches.
• The subscapular fossa is on the medial surface of the scapula and is the attachment site for the subscapular muscle.
• The scapula has three angles: cranial, caudal, and vertebral.
• The supraspinous fossa is shaped differently between animal species:
  • Camels have a straight line.
  • Oxen and sheep have a wave shape.
  • Dogs have a straight line and a wave shape.
  • Horses have a straight line and a wave shape.
• The lateral surface of the scapula has several important features:
  • Spine of the scapula
  • Tuber spine
  • Supraspinous fossa
  • Infraspinous fossa
  • Vascular groove
  • Nutrient foramen
• The borders of the scapula are:
  • Cranial border
  • Caudal border
  • Vertebral border
  • Caudal angle
  • Cranial angle
  • Vertebral angle
• The medial surface of the scapula includes:
  • Faces serratus
  • Subscapular fossa
• The glenoid cavity is on the lateral surface and articulates with the humerus.
• The glenoid cavity has several features:
  • Glenoid notch
  • Supra glenoid tubercle
  • Coracoid process
  • Infra glenoid tubercle

Acromion Process

• The acromion process is the cranial part of the spine of the scapula.
• The acromion process is shaped differently in each animal species:
  • Camel: Single process with a small, sharp projection.
  • Ox: Flat, triangular process with a short projection at the cranial end.
  • Sheep: Flat, triangular process with a long, sharp projection at the cranial end.
  • Dog: Prominent hook-shaped process with a blunt projection.
  • Horse: Large process with a flattened, triangular shape.