Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following muscles is NOT attached to the scapula?
Which of the following muscles is NOT attached to the scapula?
What is the primary function of the glenoid labrium?
What is the primary function of the glenoid labrium?
Which border of the scapula extends from the glenoid cavity to the inferior angle?
Which border of the scapula extends from the glenoid cavity to the inferior angle?
Which structures are attached to the coracoid process of the scapula?
Which structures are attached to the coracoid process of the scapula?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these arteries is mainly responsible for the arterial supply to the scapula?
Which of these arteries is mainly responsible for the arterial supply to the scapula?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the direction of the scapula's superior border?
What is the direction of the scapula's superior border?
Signup and view all the answers
The acromion articulates with which bone?
The acromion articulates with which bone?
Signup and view all the answers
Which surface of the scapula is described as concave and smooth?
Which surface of the scapula is described as concave and smooth?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following muscles arises from the infraspinous fossa of the scapula?
Which of the following muscles arises from the infraspinous fossa of the scapula?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of nerve runs across the great scapular notch?
What type of nerve runs across the great scapular notch?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nerves are primarily responsible for innervating the scapula?
Which nerves are primarily responsible for innervating the scapula?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of the ligaments associated with the sternoclavicular joint?
What is the main function of the ligaments associated with the sternoclavicular joint?
Signup and view all the answers
Which ligament is NOT one of the main ligaments supporting the acromioclavicular joint?
Which ligament is NOT one of the main ligaments supporting the acromioclavicular joint?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does the right lymphatic duct receive lymph from?
Where does the right lymphatic duct receive lymph from?
Signup and view all the answers
What anatomical feature is located on the inferior surface of the clavicle?
What anatomical feature is located on the inferior surface of the clavicle?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle attaches to the lateral third of the clavicle?
Which muscle attaches to the lateral third of the clavicle?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure forms the articulation at the medial end of the clavicle?
Which structure forms the articulation at the medial end of the clavicle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a distinguishing feature of the medial two-thirds of the clavicle?
What is a distinguishing feature of the medial two-thirds of the clavicle?
Signup and view all the answers
Which joint is strengthened by the interclavicular ligament?
Which joint is strengthened by the interclavicular ligament?
Signup and view all the answers
The lateral third of the clavicle primarily attaches to which muscles?
The lateral third of the clavicle primarily attaches to which muscles?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is found immediately posterior to the surgical neck of the humerus?
Which structure is found immediately posterior to the surgical neck of the humerus?
Signup and view all the answers
What muscle receives its insertion from the floor of the intertubercular sulcus?
What muscle receives its insertion from the floor of the intertubercular sulcus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus is associated with the attachment of the infraspinatus?
Which facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus is associated with the attachment of the infraspinatus?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of cartilage coats the head of the humerus?
What type of cartilage coats the head of the humerus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following structures is associated with the attachment of the teres major?
Which of the following structures is associated with the attachment of the teres major?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the shape of the humeral shaft's cross-section?
What is the shape of the humeral shaft's cross-section?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is located superior to the capitulum at the lower end of the humerus?
Which structure is located superior to the capitulum at the lower end of the humerus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which epicondyle of the humerus is found medially?
Which epicondyle of the humerus is found medially?
Signup and view all the answers
What marks the middle of the lateral side of the humeral shaft?
What marks the middle of the lateral side of the humeral shaft?
Signup and view all the answers
Which two articular surfaces are present at the lower end of the humerus?
Which two articular surfaces are present at the lower end of the humerus?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Scapula
- The scapula forms the posterior aspect of the shoulder girdle.
- It is a flat, triangular bone that provides attachment for numerous muscles.
- Muscles attaching to the scapula: Teres Major, Subscapularis, Teres Minor, Infraspinatus, Triceps, Biceps, Deltoid, Levator Scapulae, Trapezius, Rhomboids, and Serratus Anterior.
-
Borders:
- Lateral Border: Extends from the glenoid cavity to the inferior angle. Contains the infraglenoid tubercle.
- Medial/Vertebral Border: Directed towards the vertebra. Provides attachment for Levator Scapulae, Rhomboid Minor, and Rhomboid Major.
- Superior Border: Slants downwards and laterally. Contains the Scapula Notch, which is a depression at the base of the coracoid process.
- Scapula Notch: Enclosed by the Transverse Scapular ligament and lodges the suprascapular nerve.
- Inferior Belly of Omohyoid: Arises from the transverse scapular ligament and the adjacent superior scapula border.
-
Angles:
- Inferior Angle:
- Lateral Angle: Contains the glenoid cavity, supra glenoid tubercle, and infra glenoid tubercle.
- Superior Angle:
-
Surfaces:
- Costal Surface: Concave and smooth. Medial 2/3 provides attachment for the Subscapularis muscle. Lateral 1/3 is separated from the bone by the subscapularis bursa. Medial margin receives insertions from the Serratus Anterior muscle. Inferior angle also receives insertion from the Serratus Anterior muscle.
- Posterior Surface: Contains a projection directed posteriorly called the spine. The spine divides the posterior surface into the supraspinous fossa and the infraspinous fossa.
- Infraspinatus Muscle: Arises from the infraspinous fossa.
- Supraspinatus Muscle: Arises from the supraspinatus fossa.
- Teres Major: Arises from the inferior angle of the posterior surface.
- Teres Minor: Arises from a narrow area on the lateral border of the posterior surface.
- Spine: Contains the acromion (a free anterior lateral projection). The acromion arches over the glenohumeral joint and articulates with the clavicle.
- Coracoacromial Ligament: Connects the acromion to the coracoid process.
- Great Scapular Notch: Located between the lateral angle and the acromion.
- Suprascapular Nerve & Vessels: Run across the great scapular notch to the infraspinous fossa.
- Trapezius: Attached to the superior border of the spine, medial margin of the acromion.
- Deltoid Muscle: Attached to the inferior border of the spine, lateral border of the acromion.
- Blood Supply: Mainly by the scapular anastomosis (network of arteries).
- Lymphatic Drainage: Empties into the right lymphatic duct (right scapula) and the thoracic duct (left scapula).
- Nerves: Dorsal scapular, upper and lower subscapular, and suprascapular nerves.
Clavicle
- The only bony attachment between the trunk and the upper limb.
- Long bone with an S-shaped contour.
- Medial Portion: Convex facing forward.
-
Articulations:
- Articulates medially with the sternum to form the sternoclavicular joint and the first rib.
- Articulates laterally with the acromion to form the acromioclavicular joint.
- Inferior Surface: Lateral third contains the conoid tubercle and trapezoid line. The subclavius muscle attaches here.
- Conoid Tubercle: Attachment of the conoid ligament.
- Trapezoid Line: Attachment of the trapezoid ligament.
-
Attachments:
- Posterior Border: Trapezius (lateral third).
- Anterior Border: Pectoralis Major (medial half), Deltoid (lateral third).
- Superior Surface: Sternocleidomastoid (medial third).
- Inferior Surface: Subclavius (middle third), Conoid ligament (conoid tubercule), Trapezoid ligament (trapezoid line).
-
Shaft: Divided into medial two-thirds and lateral third.
- Medial Two-Thirds: Attachment sites for sternocleidomastoid, subclavius, pectoralis major, and sternohyoid muscles.
- Lateral Third: Attachment sites for deltoid and trapezius muscles, and the coracoclavicular ligament.
Sterno-clavicular Joint
- Two synovial cavities.
- Strengthened by the:
- Interclavicular ligament.
- Anterior sternoclavicular ligament.
- Costoclavicular ligament.
Acromioclavicular Joint
- Supported by three main ligaments:
- Acromioclavicular ligament.
- Coracoclavicular ligament.
- Coracoacromial ligament.
Humerus
- Consists of a shaft and two expanded ends.
- Upper Expanded End: Contains articular surface, head, and two tubercles (greater and lesser tubercle).
- Anatomical Neck: Located between the head and the tubercles.
- Surgical Neck: Located between the expanded upper end and the shaft.
-
Head: Articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula.
- Four times the size of the glenoid cavity.
- Coated with hyaline cartilage.
- Surgical Neck: The axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery pass immediately posterior to it.
-
Tubercles:
-
Greater Tubercle: Laterally placed. Marked by three facets for muscle attachments:
- Superior facet: Supraspinatus.
- Middle facet: Infraspinatus.
- Inferior facet: Teres Minor.
- Lesser Tubercle: Anteriorly placed.
-
Intertubercular Sulcus: Contains the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle, bridged by the transverse humeral ligament.
- Floor receives insertion from the latissimus dorsi.
- Lateral lip receives the pectoralis major.
- Medial lip receives the teres major.
-
Greater Tubercle: Laterally placed. Marked by three facets for muscle attachments:
-
Shaft: Triangular cross-section with anterior, lateral, and medial borders.
- Deltoid Tuberosity: V-shaped prominence on the lateral side for attachment of the deltoid muscle.
- Coracobrachialis Attachment: Opposite the deltoid tuberosity, on the flexor surface.
- Radial Groove: Houses the radial nerve and profunda brachii artery, located below the deltoid tuberosity.
- Lateral Supracondylar Ridge: Posterior margin of the radial groove. Extends down to the lateral epicondyle.
- Medial Supracondylar Ridge: Less prominent ridge extending down to the medial epicondyle.
- Supracondylar Ridges: Attachment sites for the intermuscular septum.
- Brachialis Muscle: Attaches on the flexor surface of the humerus between the supracondylar ridges.
Humerus - Lower End
- Contains two articular surfaces (condyles):
- Capitulum: Articulates with the radius.
- Trochlea: Articulates with the ulna.
- Medial and Lateral Epicondyles:
-
Fossae:
- Radial Fossa: Superior to the capitulum.
- Coronoid Fossa: Superior to the trochlea.
- Olecranon Fossa: On the posterior surface of the distal humerus.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the scapula, including its structure, borders, and muscle attachments. This quiz covers key details about the shoulder girdle and its functions. Perfect for students in anatomy or physical education classes.
