Scapula Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following muscles is NOT attached to the scapula?

Pectoralis major (correct)

Serratus anterior

Trapezius

Teres major

What is the primary function of the glenoid labrium?

Attach the suprascapular nerve

Stabilize the scapula

Support muscle attachment to the scapula

Widen and deepen the glenoid cavity (correct)

Which border of the scapula extends from the glenoid cavity to the inferior angle?

Medial border

Inferior border

Lateral border (correct)

Superior border

Which structures are attached to the coracoid process of the scapula?

Conoid ligament and coracoacromial ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which of these arteries is mainly responsible for the arterial supply to the scapula?

Dorsal scapular artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the scapula's superior border?

Slants downwards and laterally Signup and view all the answers

The acromion articulates with which bone?

Clavicle Signup and view all the answers

Which surface of the scapula is described as concave and smooth?

Costal surface Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles arises from the infraspinous fossa of the scapula?

Infraspinatus Signup and view all the answers

What type of nerve runs across the great scapular notch?

Suprascapular nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves are primarily responsible for innervating the scapula?

Dorsal scapular, upper and lower subscapular, and suprascapular nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the ligaments associated with the sternoclavicular joint?

To provide stability and prevent dislocation Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is NOT one of the main ligaments supporting the acromioclavicular joint?

Costoclavicular ligament Signup and view all the answers

Where does the right lymphatic duct receive lymph from?

The right scapula Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature is located on the inferior surface of the clavicle?

Conoid tubercle Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle attaches to the lateral third of the clavicle?

Deltoid Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms the articulation at the medial end of the clavicle?

Sternum Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of the medial two-thirds of the clavicle?

It has an attachment for subclavius muscle inferiorly Signup and view all the answers

Which joint is strengthened by the interclavicular ligament?

Sternoclavicular joint Signup and view all the answers

The lateral third of the clavicle primarily attaches to which muscles?

Deltoid and trapezius Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is found immediately posterior to the surgical neck of the humerus?

Axillary nerve Signup and view all the answers

What muscle receives its insertion from the floor of the intertubercular sulcus?

Latissimus dorsi Signup and view all the answers

Which facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus is associated with the attachment of the infraspinatus?

Middle facet Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage coats the head of the humerus?

Hayline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is associated with the attachment of the teres major?

Medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the humeral shaft's cross-section?

Triangular Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is located superior to the capitulum at the lower end of the humerus?

Radial fossa Signup and view all the answers

Which epicondyle of the humerus is found medially?

Medial epicondyle Signup and view all the answers

What marks the middle of the lateral side of the humeral shaft?

Deltoid tuberosity Signup and view all the answers

Which two articular surfaces are present at the lower end of the humerus?

Capitulum and trochlea Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Scapula

The scapula forms the posterior aspect of the shoulder girdle.
It is a flat, triangular bone that provides attachment for numerous muscles.
Muscles attaching to the scapula: Teres Major, Subscapularis, Teres Minor, Infraspinatus, Triceps, Biceps, Deltoid, Levator Scapulae, Trapezius, Rhomboids, and Serratus Anterior.
Borders:
- Lateral Border: Extends from the glenoid cavity to the inferior angle. Contains the infraglenoid tubercle.
- Medial/Vertebral Border: Directed towards the vertebra. Provides attachment for Levator Scapulae, Rhomboid Minor, and Rhomboid Major.
- Superior Border: Slants downwards and laterally. Contains the Scapula Notch, which is a depression at the base of the coracoid process.
- Scapula Notch: Enclosed by the Transverse Scapular ligament and lodges the suprascapular nerve.
- Inferior Belly of Omohyoid: Arises from the transverse scapular ligament and the adjacent superior scapula border.
Angles:
- Inferior Angle:
- Lateral Angle: Contains the glenoid cavity, supra glenoid tubercle, and infra glenoid tubercle.
- Superior Angle:
Surfaces:
- Costal Surface: Concave and smooth. Medial 2/3 provides attachment for the Subscapularis muscle. Lateral 1/3 is separated from the bone by the subscapularis bursa. Medial margin receives insertions from the Serratus Anterior muscle. Inferior angle also receives insertion from the Serratus Anterior muscle.
- Posterior Surface: Contains a projection directed posteriorly called the spine. The spine divides the posterior surface into the supraspinous fossa and the infraspinous fossa.
- Infraspinatus Muscle: Arises from the infraspinous fossa.
- Supraspinatus Muscle: Arises from the supraspinatus fossa.
- Teres Major: Arises from the inferior angle of the posterior surface.
- Teres Minor: Arises from a narrow area on the lateral border of the posterior surface.
- Spine: Contains the acromion (a free anterior lateral projection). The acromion arches over the glenohumeral joint and articulates with the clavicle.
- Coracoacromial Ligament: Connects the acromion to the coracoid process.
- Great Scapular Notch: Located between the lateral angle and the acromion.
- Suprascapular Nerve & Vessels: Run across the great scapular notch to the infraspinous fossa.
- Trapezius: Attached to the superior border of the spine, medial margin of the acromion.
- Deltoid Muscle: Attached to the inferior border of the spine, lateral border of the acromion.
Blood Supply: Mainly by the scapular anastomosis (network of arteries).
Lymphatic Drainage: Empties into the right lymphatic duct (right scapula) and the thoracic duct (left scapula).
Nerves: Dorsal scapular, upper and lower subscapular, and suprascapular nerves.

Clavicle

The only bony attachment between the trunk and the upper limb.
Long bone with an S-shaped contour.
Medial Portion: Convex facing forward.
Articulations:
- Articulates medially with the sternum to form the sternoclavicular joint and the first rib.
- Articulates laterally with the acromion to form the acromioclavicular joint.
Inferior Surface: Lateral third contains the conoid tubercle and trapezoid line. The subclavius muscle attaches here.
Conoid Tubercle: Attachment of the conoid ligament.
Trapezoid Line: Attachment of the trapezoid ligament.
Attachments:
- Posterior Border: Trapezius (lateral third).
- Anterior Border: Pectoralis Major (medial half), Deltoid (lateral third).
- Superior Surface: Sternocleidomastoid (medial third).
- Inferior Surface: Subclavius (middle third), Conoid ligament (conoid tubercule), Trapezoid ligament (trapezoid line).
Shaft: Divided into medial two-thirds and lateral third.
- Medial Two-Thirds: Attachment sites for sternocleidomastoid, subclavius, pectoralis major, and sternohyoid muscles.
- Lateral Third: Attachment sites for deltoid and trapezius muscles, and the coracoclavicular ligament.

Sterno-clavicular Joint

Two synovial cavities.
Strengthened by the:
- Interclavicular ligament.
- Anterior sternoclavicular ligament.
- Costoclavicular ligament.

Acromioclavicular Joint

Supported by three main ligaments:
- Acromioclavicular ligament.
- Coracoclavicular ligament.
- Coracoacromial ligament.

Humerus

Consists of a shaft and two expanded ends.
Upper Expanded End: Contains articular surface, head, and two tubercles (greater and lesser tubercle).
Anatomical Neck: Located between the head and the tubercles.
Surgical Neck: Located between the expanded upper end and the shaft.
Head: Articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula.
- Four times the size of the glenoid cavity.
- Coated with hyaline cartilage.
Surgical Neck: The axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery pass immediately posterior to it.
Tubercles:
- Greater Tubercle: Laterally placed. Marked by three facets for muscle attachments:
  - Superior facet: Supraspinatus.
  - Middle facet: Infraspinatus.
  - Inferior facet: Teres Minor.
- Lesser Tubercle: Anteriorly placed.
- Intertubercular Sulcus: Contains the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle, bridged by the transverse humeral ligament.
  - Floor receives insertion from the latissimus dorsi.
  - Lateral lip receives the pectoralis major.
  - Medial lip receives the teres major.
Shaft: Triangular cross-section with anterior, lateral, and medial borders.
- Deltoid Tuberosity: V-shaped prominence on the lateral side for attachment of the deltoid muscle.
- Coracobrachialis Attachment: Opposite the deltoid tuberosity, on the flexor surface.
Radial Groove: Houses the radial nerve and profunda brachii artery, located below the deltoid tuberosity.
Lateral Supracondylar Ridge: Posterior margin of the radial groove. Extends down to the lateral epicondyle.
Medial Supracondylar Ridge: Less prominent ridge extending down to the medial epicondyle.
Supracondylar Ridges: Attachment sites for the intermuscular septum.
Brachialis Muscle: Attaches on the flexor surface of the humerus between the supracondylar ridges.

Humerus - Lower End

Contains two articular surfaces (condyles):
- Capitulum: Articulates with the radius.
- Trochlea: Articulates with the ulna.
Medial and Lateral Epicondyles:
Fossae:
- Radial Fossa: Superior to the capitulum.
- Coronoid Fossa: Superior to the trochlea.
- Olecranon Fossa: On the posterior surface of the distal humerus.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the scapula, including its structure, borders, and muscle attachments. This quiz covers key details about the shoulder girdle and its functions. Perfect for students in anatomy or physical education classes.