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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of the chain of custody in evidence handling?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for evidence admissibility in court?
Why is it important to protect extracted evidence from mechanical or electromagnetic damage?
What does 'non-repudiation' in the context of evidence typically refer to?
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Which of the following attributes is NOT relevant to establishing a timeline of an incident?
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What may happen to a service venue if it is known to perpetuate a crime?
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What role does the Communications and Information Technology Commission play during criminal investigations?
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Who is responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes related to the Anti-Cyber Crime Law?
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What is the main goal of cyber forensics in the context of a court of law?
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Which statement reflects a limitation of computerized data in investigations?
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What does it mean when it is said that nothing can happen on a computer that cannot be replicated?
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What is a critical aspect of the burden of proof in cyber forensic cases?
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What is the significance of the publication of the Anti-Cyber Crime Law in the Official Gazette?
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Which scenario would increase the severity of punishment under the Anti-Cyber Crime Law?
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What is the potential punishment for someone who incites a crime that occurs due to their support?
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An offender may be exempt from punishment if they inform authorities about a crime prior to its discovery. What is a condition for this exemption?
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What happens to tools used in committing crimes according to the Anti-Cyber Crime Law?
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What is the maximum punishment for someone attempting to commit a crime as per the Cyber Crimes Law?
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Under the Anti-Cyber Crime Law, how are prior convictions treated?
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The Anti-Cyber Crime Law states that it does not affect which of the following?
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What is a condition for reduced punishment for those who prepare to commit a crime but do not follow through?
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What does ctime specifically refer to in file management?
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What is required for evidence to avoid confusion or wrongful impression?
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What does the reliability of evidence pertain to in the context of computer processes?
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In what capacity can a fact witness provide information?
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What is a primary responsibility of an expert witness during testimony?
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What is advised to be done before starting to process evidence as a witness?
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What should be recorded and maintained by a witness according to the guidelines?
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What aspect of testimony is crucial to avoid common problems?
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What should you develop and maintain to prepare for testimony?
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Why is peer review important in digital forensics?
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Which of the following should be included in your curriculum vitae (CV) for testimony qualification?
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What is a recommended step to take when preparing for testimony?
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When preparing for court, what should you provide the court with?
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Which of the following statements reflects an important consideration when preparing your testimony?
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Which technical definitions should you be prepared to explain to a nontechnical audience?
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What is the typical order of trial proceedings?
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Study Notes
Saudi Arabia Cyber Crimes Laws
- The Saudi Arabia Anti-Cyber Crime Law includes 16 articles.
- Article 9: A person who incites, assists, or collaborates with others to commit a cybercrime is subject to the same maximum punishment as the actual perpetrators if the crime is committed. If the intended crime isn't committed, they can be subject to a maximum punishment of half the amount.
- Article 10: A person who attempts to commit any of the crimes stipulated in this Law shall be subject to a punishment not exceeding half the maximum punishment designated for said crimes.
- Article 11: The competent court may exempt an offender from the punishment if they inform the competent authority of the crime before it is discovered and before any damage occurs. If the perpetrator informs the authorities after the crime has been committed, they can be granted an exemption from the punishment if their information leads to the arrest of other perpetrators and the seizure of the means used to carry out the crime.
- Article 12: This law does not impede the provisions of other relevant laws, especially those pertaining to intellectual property rights, nor those relevant international agreements to which the Kingdom is a party.
- Article 13: Without prejudice to the rights of bona fide individuals, equipment, software, and the means used to carry out cybercrimes, or the proceeds generated from them, can be confiscated. Additionally, the website or venue where the service is provided can be shut down permanently or temporarily if it is the source for perpetrating the crime and the crime is committed with the owner's knowledge.
- Article 14: The Communications and Information Technology Commission, pursuant to its powers, shall provide the assistance and technical support to competent security agencies during the investigation stages of such crimes and during trial.
- Article 15: The Bureau of Investigation and Public Prosecution shall carry out the investigation and prosecution of crimes stipulated in this Law.
- Article 16: This Law shall be published in the Official Gazette and shall enter into force one hundred twenty days after the date of publication.
Forensics and the Court System
- Cyber Forensics is concerned with the acquisition, preservation, and analysis of electronically stored information in a manner that ensures its admissibility in a court of law.
- Not everything done on a computer is 100% knowable beyond a shadow of a doubt, but there are degrees of certainty.
- The burden of proof in cyber cases can be established and maintained using:
- Access Control
- Logging and audit logs
- Collateral evidence
- Crypto-based authentication
- Non-repudiation
Rules of Evidence
- Evidence must be obtained in a way that ensures authenticity and validity, and that no tampering took place.
- Evidence must not be damaged, destroyed, or compromised during collection.
- A chain of custody must be established and maintained.
- Chain of custody documents where the evidence was stored, who had access to it, and what was done to it.
- Time attributes allow an investigator to develop a timeline of incidents:
- mtime: Modified time (changed by modifying a file's content)
- atime: Accessed time (changed by reading a file or running a program)
- ctime: Changed time (keeps track of when the meta-information about the file was changed)
- Evidence must tell a complete narrative of the circumstances to avoid confusion or wrongful impression.
- Evidence must be reliable, meaning that the computer process responsible for creating it is reliable, not just the data itself.
Expert Testimony In Cyber Crime Investigations
- Expert witnesses can give opinions based on experience and deductive reasoning from facts found during an investigation.
- Fact witnesses provide only the facts they have found in their investigation, but do not offer conclusions, only facts and inferences based on those facts.
- To prepare for testimony, establish communication with your attorney early.
- Learn about the victim, complainant, opposing experts or fact witnesses, and opposing attorneys as soon as possible.
- Develop and maintain a standard method of processing evidence to prepare for testimony.
- Use peer review to support your findings.
- Use the internet to research opposing experts.
- When preparing your testimony consider questions about the client's overall theory of the case, your story of the case, what you can say with confidence, how your opinion fits into the theory of the case, the scope of the case, and if you have gone too far.
- Provide the court with details about other cases in which you have testified as an expert, any published writings, previous compensation you received when giving testimony, and your curriculum vitae (CV).
- Prepare technical definitions for a nontechnical audience.
- Understand the trial process, which typically includes pretrial motions, impaneling the jury, opening statements, plaintiff and defense presentations and rebuttal, closing arguments, and jury instructions.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the Anti-Cyber Crime Law in Saudi Arabia, which includes key articles regarding incitement and attempts of cybercrimes. This quiz covers the specific articles that outline punishments and exemptions for offenders. Learn more about the legal framework governing cyber offenses in the Kingdom.
