Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the most frequent presenting symptom in sarcoidosis?
What is the most frequent presenting symptom in sarcoidosis?
Which of the following is a typical manifestation of sarcoidosis affecting the musculoskeletal system?
Which of the following is a typical manifestation of sarcoidosis affecting the musculoskeletal system?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Löfgren syndrome?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Löfgren syndrome?
Which of these is typically used to obtain tissue diagnosis in sarcoidosis?
Which of these is typically used to obtain tissue diagnosis in sarcoidosis?
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What is the most common demographic affected by Sarcoidosis?
What is the most common demographic affected by Sarcoidosis?
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Flashcards
Pulmonary Manifestations of Sarcoidosis
Pulmonary Manifestations of Sarcoidosis
Includes bilateral hilar adenopathy and interstitial infiltrates.
Erythema Nodosum
Erythema Nodosum
A skin condition characterized by painful, red lumps, often associated with sarcoidosis.
Bilateral Hilar Adenopathy
Bilateral Hilar Adenopathy
Enlargement of lymph nodes at the hilum of both lungs, common initial sign of sarcoidosis.
Löfgren Syndrome
Löfgren Syndrome
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Noncaseating Granulomas
Noncaseating Granulomas
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Study Notes
Pulmonary Manifestations of Sarcoidosis
- Bilateral hilar adenopathy is a common finding, present in 50% of cases at initial diagnosis.
- Interstitial infiltrates are also observed.
Cutaneous Manifestations of Sarcoidosis
- Skin lesions can be papular, nodular, or plaque-like.
- Erythema nodosum is a characteristic cutaneous manifestation.
Ophthalmologic Manifestations of Sarcoidosis
- Anterior uveitis (including iridocyclitis and iritis)
- Posterior uveitis
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes)
Reticuloendothelial Manifestations
- Peripheral lymphadenopathy
- Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver)
- Splenomegaly (enlarged spleen)
Musculoskeletal Manifestations
- Acute polyarthritis, especially affecting ankles
- Chronic arthritis
Cardiovascular Manifestations
- Atrioventricular block
- Dilated or restrictive cardiomyopathy
CNS/Endocrine Manifestations
- Facial nerve palsy
- Central diabetes insipidus
- Hypercalcemia
Löfgren Syndrome (a subset of sarcoidosis)
- Erythema nodosum
- Hilar adenopathy
- Migratory polyarthralgia
- Fever
General Characteristics of Sarcoidosis
- Chronic, multisystem disorder
- Noncaseating granulomatous inflammation is the underlying cause.
- Young adults are frequently affected.
- African Americans are 3-4 times more likely to have this condition than other population groups.
- More common in women than men.
- Often discovered incidentally during chest X-rays (50% of cases).
- Symptoms can include cough, dyspnea, fever, fatigue, and weight loss.
Diagnosis
- Definitive diagnosis requires consistent clinical and imaging findings, along with biopsy evidence of noncaseating granulomas.
- Bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy is a common method for obtaining tissue samples.
- For systemic involvement, accessible sites such as lymph nodes or cutaneous lesions can be biopsied.
Management of Patients with Incidental Findings
- Patients with incidental bilateral hilar adenopathy are often monitored without biopsy unless symptoms develop.
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Description
Explore the various clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis, focusing on pulmonary, cutaneous, ophthalmologic, and more. Each section highlights key symptoms and notable presentations, providing a comprehensive understanding of this complex condition.
