40 Questions
What is the primary diagnostic criterion for farmer's lung?
History of exposure to an offending substance
What is the characteristic pathologic feature of sarcoidosis?
Noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas
What is the most common demographic affected by sarcoidosis?
Young adults under 40 years old
What is the primary goal of treatment for farmer's lung?
Avoidance of exposure to the offending substance
What is the most common pulmonary manifestation of sarcoidosis?
Pulmonary fibrosis
What is the result of increased alveolar capillary permeability in Acute Lung Injury?
Protein and fluid leak into alveoli
What is the outcome of damage to type II pneumocytes in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
Surfactant deficiency
What is the initiating factor in ARDS pathogenesis?
Injury to pneumocytes and pulmonary endothelium
What is the long-term complication of Sarcoidosis?
Both A and C
What is the characteristic granuloma type seen in Sarcoidosis?
Non-caseating granuloma
What is the main characteristic of Group 1: Pulmonary Artery Hypertension?
Progressive with eventual irreversible changes
Which of the following is NOT a cause of Pulmonary Hypertension due to lung diseases and/or hypoxia?
Mitral Valve Disease
What is the histological definition of Pulmonary Artery Hypertension?
Fibrosis of intimal tissue
What is the term used to describe the histological appearance of severe Pulmonary Hypertension?
Onion skinning
Which of the following is a cause of Pulmonary Hypertension due to left heart failure?
Mitral Valve Disease
What is the primary mechanism by which high tidal volumes exacerbate lung injury in Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury (VILI)?
Release of proteases and immune cell cytokine release
Which of the following is a characteristic of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
Increased capillary permeability due to microvascular injury
What is the primary pathophysiologic mechanism underlying Pulmonary Hypertension?
Imbalance between vasodilation and vasoconstriction
Which of the following is NOT a clinical feature of Pulmonary Edema?
Fever
What is the diagnostic criterion for Pulmonary Hypertension?
Mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than or equal to 25 mm Hg
What is the primary reason for increased pulmonary vascular resistance in Group 2: Left Heart Dysfunction?
Reactive variant in chronic left heart disease
Which of the following is a characteristic of Group 3: Lung Disease?
Decreases endothelial nitric oxide synthase, NO is a vasodilator
What is the likely outcome of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension?
High pressure in remaining vasculature results in Pulmonary Hypertension
What is the primary treatment for Pulmonary Hypertension in patients with COPD?
Long-term oxygen therapy
What is the term for right ventricular dysfunction caused by Pulmonary Hypertension resulting from lung disease?
Cor pulmonale
What is the primary cause of chronic lung inflammation in restrictive disease?
Exposure to toxic irritants
What is the characteristic radiological finding in Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Interstitial markings and honeycombing
What is the main goal of treatment in Pulmonary Fibrosis?
To slow down the progression of the disease
What is the type of reaction that occurs in Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis?
Allergic inflammatory hypersensitivity response
What is the occupation most commonly associated with Silicosis?
Ore processor
What is the estimated percentage of patients who develop fibrosis in Coal miner's pneumoconiosis?
10%
What is the type of lung reaction that occurs in response to inhalation of various caustic materials?
Pneumoconiosis
What is the type of lung disease that is linked to lung cancer?
Asbestosis
What is the term for the scarring of the lungs that leads to chronic lung inflammation?
Pulmonary Fibrosis
What is the type of supportive care that may be given to patients with Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Vaccination and oxygen therapy
What is the term for the progressive and irreversible decline in lung function associated with the development of stiff non-compliant lung tissue?
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
What is the primary cause of the destruction of alveolar architecture in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Overproduction and deposition of collagen
What is a risk factor for the development of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Smoking
What is the characteristic finding in pulmonary function tests of patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Normal FEV1/FVC, reduced TLC
What is the term for the fibrosis surrounding open cystic spaces in the lungs?
Honeycomb fibrosis
Test your knowledge on the pathogenesis of Sarcoidosis, including the immunological response, cellular accumulation, and cytokine activation. Learn about the characteristics of the disease and its effects on the body.
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